Bipolar Disorder
In recent years, there have been heated controversies about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Perhaps the most heated current controversy involves the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents.
Identify and summarize two articles on this controversy, and outline the primary points of disagreement.
Take a position on the controversy and justify it.
Is this a condition that has been improperly under-diagnosed in minors, or are proponents over-diagnosing bipolar disorder in difficult minors?
Support your arguments with appropriate citations.
Response Guidelines
Review the posts of other learners and respond to at least two of them. Explain why you agree or disagree with their position, and offer references from psychological literature to back up your position.
Resources
Discussion Participation Scoring Guide.
45Bipolar Disorder
In recent years, there have been heated controversies about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Perhaps the most heated current controversy involves the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in children and adolescents.
Identify and summarize two articles on this controversy, and outline the primary points of disagreement.
Take a position on the controversy and justify it.
Is this a condition that has been improperly under-diagnosed in minors, or are proponents over-diagnosing bipolar disorder in difficult minors?
Support your arguments with appropriate citations.
Response Guidelines
Review the posts of other learners and respond to at least two of them. Explain why you agree or disagree with their position, and offer references from psychological literature to back up your position.
Resources
Discussion Participation Scoring Guide.
45
Also can you reply to Kim in a seperate paragraph please and thank you
Greetings Class!
Identify and summarize two articles on this controversy, and outline the primary points of disagreement.
The debate around the diagnosis of bipolar disorder in pre-pubertal children ignited in the 1990s with the publication of data from a US tertiary care centre suggesting that up to 40% of children with ADHD also exhibited “mania” (Wozniak et al. 1995; Biederman et al. 1999).
There has been a lot of conversation about whether children and adolescents can foster bipolar disorder, however specialists currently guarantee that since kids and grown-ups both experience a state of mood swings, both can be determined to have the condition.
Take a position on the controversy and justify it.
I believe that bipolar illness can affect children. Trauma or other stressful life events are typically the catalysts for the development of bipolar illness. Children encounter so many difficulties that most people believe it won’t affect them to the point where bipolar disorder develops. Children cope with so many issues at school with friends. The family may be going through trying times, such as when the parents are going through difficulties in their marriage and believe it isn’t impacting the kids. Many young people in today’s society have access to social media platforms, and it can be difficult for them to comprehend that not everything posted on social media is always true. Due to the popularity of body imaging on social media, many teenagers don’t like their bodies because of what others share about theirs. In essence, young individuals with bipolar disorder may experience several issues at once. Bipolar illness in adolescents can cause them to take extreme risks that they wouldn’t normally take or that could harm or injure them.
Is this a condition that has been improperly under-diagnosed in minors, or are proponents over-diagnosing bipolar disorder in difficult minors?
Personal disturbance and boisterous ways of behaving are a typical piece of experience growing up and the high schooler years, and generally speaking they are certainly not an indication of an emotional well-being issue that requires treatment. All children have unpleasant periods — it’s generally expected to feel down, peevish, furious, hyperactive or defiant on occasion. Be that as it may, in the event that your kid’s side effects are serious, progressing or leading to huge issues, it could be something other than a stage. 4% of people will ultimately experience bipolar confusion, which is most frequently diagnosed in late adolescence or early adulthood. Though some experts agree that the condition is overdiagnosed or overtreated with potent psychiatric medications, the diagnosis of the issue has increased recently in children and teenagers.
References
Duffy, A., Carlson, G., Dubicka, B. et al. Prepubertal bipolar disorder: origins and current status of the controversy. Int J Bipolar Disord 8, 18 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40345-020-00185-2
Parry P, Allison S, Bastiampillai T. The geography of a controversial diagnosis: A bibliographic analysis of published academic perspectives on ‘paediatric bipolar disorder.’ Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 2019;24(3):529-545. doi:10.1177/1359104519836700
Also reply to Ina in a seperate paragraph pleae
One of the articles I reviewed when I worked on this week’s discussion post was “Controversies concerning the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in children” by Erik Parens and Josephine Johnston. This peer-reviewed article presented several controversies presented in diagnosing Bipolar Disorder in children. The authors of the article presented data showing a significant increase in patients with the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in the period from 1994 to 2007. It is suggested that the reason for that increase is not an actual increase of people who have Bipolar Disorders but over diagnosing and misdiagnosing of this disorder. The authors explained that some professionals are saying that because of the changes in DSM about Bipolar Disorders symptomology, mainly because of the redefinition of mania symptoms in the newest versions of DSM, more clinicians have begun diagnosing kids with Bipolar disorder more frequently now than it was before. The article also emphasized the importance of this issue being addressed because many patients are over-diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder due to confusion with symptoms of hyperactivity, irritability, and anger outbursts, especially in children, when mania symptoms are less noticeable. Some critics were adamant that before, children with certain symptomology received ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorders, and learning disorders are receiving Bipolar Disorder diagnoses now. Such over diagnosing of Bipolar Disorder in children puts the patients into a treatment that is not appropriate for them, which often creates more problems with sight effects and develops additional disorders (Johnson & Parens., 2010).
Another peer-reviewed article, “Progress in diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder among children and adolescents: an international perspective” by Robert Findling and colleagues, also emphasizes controversies around diagnosing Bipolar Disorder in children and describes the specifics of the correct diagnosing process. The authors mentioned the challenges clinicians often face when trying to differentiate between ADHD and Bipolar Disorder. Researchers described a list of crucial factors that should be considered when deciding about Bipolar Diagnosis in children, and among those are the longevity of symptoms, careful analysis of family history, corroborative information from parents and teachers, presence of spontaneous periodicity, decreased need in sleep, level of functional impairment. The authors also mentioned the importance of understanding that comorbid conditions such as ADHD and Anxiety could often be present. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose all of them and not just gather all symptoms together and put it for just Bipolar Disorder (Findling et al., 2018).
There is evidence of both overdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in children. However, the second article I reviewed suggested data showing that in the US, clinicians tend to over diagnose children with Bipolar Derider more than clinicians in Europe (Findling et al., 2018). My position in this controversy is that I can see how kids can be overdiagnosed with Bipolar Disorder. For some reason, in the past years, the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder has been one of the most common to hear everywhere. That is my opinion, and the evidence from the abovementioned article justifies my assumption (Findling et al., 2018). Both articles I presented mentioned the importance of proper training for clinicians, psychiatrists, and physicians to improve their diagnosing skills. There are indeed several disorders with very similar symptomology, like, for example, ADHD, disruptive behavioral disorders, anxiety, depression, and Bipolar Disorder, so the diagnosis might be tricky in some cases (Krieger, F. V., & Stringaris, A., 2013). The brain is only developing at a young age, and kids are not equipped with enough language skills and cognitive abilities to explain their symptomology. In addition, many internal and external factors are involved in children’s behavior, so the parents often explain the child’s symptoms and do so to the best of their ability. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain much more precise information from parents. In addition, since many parents are also bipolar and have not always been diagnosed correctly, sometimes trying to diagnose a child, the clinician may find himself diagnosing parents also (Findling et al., 2018).
References:
Johnson, J., & Parens, E. (2010). Controversies concerning the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in children. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Mental Health, 4(1), 9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1753-2000-4-9
Findling, R. L., Stepanova, E., Youngstrom, E. A., & Young, A. S. (2018). Progress in diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder among children and adolescents: An international perspective. Evidence-Based Mental Health, 21(4), 177. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2018-102912
Krieger, F. V., & Stringaris, A. (2013). Bipolar disorder and disruptive mood dysregulation in children and adolescents: assessment, diagnosis and treatment. Evidence – Based Mental Health, 16(4), 93. https://doi.org/10.1136/eb-2013-101400
One of the articles I reviewed when I worked on this week’s discussion post was “Controversies concerning the diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder in children” by Erik Parens and Josephine Johnston. This peer-reviewed article presented several controversies presented in diagnosing Bipolar Disorder in children. The authors of the article presented data showing a significant increase in patients with the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in the period from 1994 to 2007. It is suggested that the reason for that increase is not an actual increase of people who have Bipolar Disorders but over diagnosing and misdiagnosing of this disorder. The authors explained that some professionals are saying that because of the changes in DSM about Bipolar Disorders symptomology, mainly because of the redefinition of mania symptoms in the newest versions of DSM, more clinicians have begun diagnosing kids with Bipolar disorder more frequently now than it was before. The article also emphasized the importance of this issue being addressed because many patients are over-diagnosed with Bipolar Disorder due to confusion with symptoms of hyperactivity, irritability, and anger outbursts, especially in children, when mania symptoms are less noticeable. Some critics were adamant that before, children with certain symptomology received ADHD, oppositional defiant disorder, conduct disorders, and learning disorders are receiving Bipolar Disorder diagnoses now. Such over diagnosing of Bipolar Disorder in children puts the patients into a treatment that is not appropriate for them, which often creates more problems with sight effects and develops additional disorders (Johnson & Parens., 2010).
Another peer-reviewed article, “Progress in diagnosis and treatment of bipolar disorder among children and adolescents: an international perspective” by Robert Findling and colleagues, also emphasizes controversies around diagnosing Bipolar Disorder in children and describes the specifics of the correct diagnosing process. The authors mentioned the challenges clinicians often face when trying to differentiate between ADHD and Bipolar Disorder. Researchers described a list of crucial factors that should be considered when deciding about Bipolar Diagnosis in children, and among those are the longevity of symptoms, careful analysis of family history, corroborative information from parents and teachers, presence of spontaneous periodicity, decreased need in sleep, level of functional impairment. The authors also mentioned the importance of understanding that comorbid conditions such as ADHD and Anxiety could often be present. Therefore, it is crucial to diagnose all of them and not just gather all symptoms together and put it for just Bipolar Disorder (Findling et al., 2018).
There is evidence of both overdiagnosis and misdiagnosis of Bipolar Disorder in children. However, the second article I reviewed suggested data showing that in the US, clinicians tend to over diagnose children with Bipolar Derider more than clinicians in Europe (Findling et al., 2018). My position in this controversy is that I can see how kids can be overdiagnosed with Bipolar Disorder. For some reason, in the past years, the diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder has been one of the most common to hear everywhere. That is my opinion, and the evidence from the abovementioned article justifies my assumption (Findling et al., 2018). Both articles I presented mentioned the importance of proper training for clinicians, psychiatrists, and physicians to improve their diagnosing skills. There are indeed several disorders with very similar symptomology, like, for example, ADHD, disruptive behavioral disorders, anxiety, depression, and Bipolar Disorder, so the diagnosis might be tricky in some cases (Krieger, F. V., & Stringaris, A., 2013). The brain is only developing at a young age, and kids are not equipped with enough language skills and cognitive abilities to explain their symptomology. In addition, many internal and external factors are involved in children’s behavior, so the parents often explain the child’s symptoms and do so to the best of their ability. Therefore, it is imperative to obtain much more precise information from parents. In addition, since many parents are also bipolar and have not always been diagnosed correctly, sometimes trying to diagnose a child, the clinician may find himself diagnosing parents also (Findling et al., 2018).
