List the five factors in Chapter 9 that form the “totality of circumstances” that courts use to determine witness reliability and discuss how important these factors are in determining if a witness has identified the right suspect.

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List the five factors in Chapter 9 that form the “totality of circumstances” that courts use to determine witness reliability and discuss how important these factors are in determining if a witness has identified the right suspect. Give one example of a case that you are familiar with where one of these factors impacted the identity of a suspect.
pg. 234 book: Criminal procedure by Joel Samaha
Occupants’ failure to respond to officers’ announcementLO 3 Announcing their presence doesn’t automatically authorize officers to break and enter. They have to “wait a reasonable amount of time” before they break and enter, unless occupants refuse to allow them to come in (LaFave 2004, 2:672–73; U.S. v. Spikes 1998, 925). How long do they have to wait? There’s no bright-line rule—that is, no rule that applies to all cases. The test is reasonableness, which depends on the total-ity of the circumstances in each individual case. The Sixth Circuit U.S. Court of Appeals put it this way: “The Fourth Amendment’s ‘knock and announce’ cannot be distilled into a constitutional stop-watch where a fraction of a second assumes controlling sig-nificance” (U.S. v. Spikes 1998, 926). The totality of circumstances hardly ever makes very brief waits, say 2 to 4 seconds, reasonable; 10 to 20 seconds usually are (LaFave 2004, 673–74).SCOTUS ruled unanimously in U.S. v. Banks (2003) that the totality of circum-stances made it reasonable for officers to use the “ultimate ‘master key,’ a battering ram,” to break down Lashawn Banks’s front door after calling out “police search warrant” and waiting 10 seconds (33). North Las Vegas Police Department officers had a warrant to search Banks’s two-bedroom apartment, based on information that Lashawn Banks was selling cocaine at home. As soon as they got to the apart-ment at 2 o’clock in the afternoon, the officers called out “police search warrant” and rapped hard enough on the door to be heard by officers at the back door. After waiting for 15 to 20 seconds with no answer, the officers broke open the front door with the battering ram. They searched and found weapons, crack cocaine, and other evidence of drug dealing.

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