Aerial images and Artificial Intelligence techniques applied to Agriculture State of the art of hardware and software techniques used in different cultures with a main focus on the vineyards. Hardware: -Airplane; -Satellite Data; -Unmanned aerial systems (UAS); -Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs); -UAV Sensors (RGB, multispectral, hyperspectral, thermal infrared (TIR) and Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR)). Software: -Without Machine Learning: Vegetation Index; Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI); 3-D Characterization and 3D point cloud data; Digital Surface Model (DSM); DEM (Digital Elevation Model); Geographical object-based image classification (GEOBIA); Others. -With Machine Learning: Support vector machine (SVM); Random forest classifier; Decision Tree (DT); Artificial neural network (ANN); Others. -With Deep Learning: Convolutional neural networks (CNNs); Deep neural networks (DNNs); U-net; Recurrent-Convolutional Neural Network (R-CNN); YOLOv3 (You Only Look Once); Others.
