1 Read the primary source written by Francisco López de Mendoza Grajales (see below). Discuss
the “Ws,” in essay style, that is, who was the author, who is the audience, when and where was
the source written? Summarize its content and consider why the author wrote the account.
2 Write an essay comparing and contrasting the experience of Native Americans with the
Spanish and English Americans in North America. How did these experiences differ from one
another? Summarize the four primary sources that we discussed in class (Columbus, Aztecs, and
the two sources on Cherokees/ Cultural Misunderstandings). In addition, find, summarize, and
analyze at least two other primary sources from the Fordham History Site that deal with the
colonization of North America, including Spanish or English Americans. Here is the website:
https://sourcebooks.fordham.edu/mod/modsbook08.asp In total, cite seven primary sources
for this paper and conclude with your own analysis. Every paragraph needs significant and
specific facts, names, and dates. The grade depends on correct and dense content as well as
spelling and grammar.
3 You need to have a citation in parentheses or a footnote at the end of each paragraph. For
citations, use either MLA or Chicago style but be consistent.
4 The paper is due on February 26, at 1:00 pm. One letter grade will be deducted for every
day that the paper is late. Please upload the electronic copy to the D2L drop box in pdf or MS
Word format, as the system will not recognize Mac or Libre Office formats or email
attachments. Please make sure that D2L recognizes your paper and screens for plagiarism,
because I cannot assign a grade without this screening.
5 No teamwork, please! No literal quotations. It is better to summarize everything in your own
words and reference the source. Beware that any direct quotation of an author’s work (5 words
in a row) without quotation marks and citation is plagiarism.
6 Write at least two but not more than 8 pages (full pages, double-spaced, font 12 points,
Times Roman, one-inch margins). Make sure your paper is paginated and has a cover sheet
containing your name and a works cited page or bibliography (does not count towards the
required pages).
7 Students who consult the Writing Center to eliminate passive voice will receive extra credit
of one letter grade on the paper. This cannot be a document drop, however, and instead,
consult with the Center in person or via Zoom. Once you are done, the Center will send you an
email with a summary of your work with their tutor. Please forward this email to me to confirm
your grade. Make sure to make an appointment as they fill up quickly.
https://www.mtsu.edu/writing-center/
Here is the primary source: Francisco López de Mendoza Grajales, “The Founding of St.
Augustine, 1565,” in Oliver J. Thatcher, ed., The Library of Original Sources (Milwaukee:
University Research Extension Co., 1907), Vol. V: 9th to 16th Centuries, pp. 327-341,
https://sourcebooks.fordham. edu/mod/1565staugustine.asp
“I have previously stated that our brave captain-general set out on the 17th of September with
five hundred arquebusiers and pikemen, under the guidance of two Indian chiefs, who showed
them the route to the enemy’s fort. They marched the whole distance until Tuesday evening,
the 18th of September, 1565, when they arrived within a quarter of a league of the enemy’s
fort, where they remained all night up to their waists in water. When daylight came, Captains
López, Patiño, and Martín Ochoa had already been to examine the fort; still, when they went to
attack the fort, a greater part of the soldiers were so confused they scarcely knew what they
were about… It appears the enemy did not perceive their approach until the very moment of
the attack, as it was very early in the morning and had rained in torrents. The greater part of
the soldiers of the fort were still in bed. Some arose in their shirts, and others, quite naked,
begged for quarter; but, in spite of that, more than one hundred and forty were killed. A great
Calvinist cosmographer and magician was found among the dead. The rest, numbering about
three hundred, scaled the walls, and either took refuge in the forest or on their ships floating in
the river, laden with treasures, so that in an hour the fort was in our possession, without our
having lost a single man, or even had one wounded…
On Friday, the 28th September, and while the [Spanish] captain-general was asleep, resting
after all the fatigues he had passed through, some Indians came to camp, and made us
understand by signs, that on the coast toward the south there was a French vessel which had
been wrecked. Immediately our captain-general directed an officer to arm a boat, take fifty
men, and go down the river to the sea, to find out what was the matter. … [Later the French
soldiers ask for truce with the Spanish captain-general] Seeing that there was nothing else left
for them to do, the [French] sergeant returned to their camp; and soon after he brought all
their arms and flags, and gave them up to the general, and surrendered unconditionally. Finding
they were all Calvinists, the captain-general ordered them all put to death; but, as I was a
priest, and had bowels of mercy, I begged him to grant me the favor of sparing those whom we
might find to be Christians. He granted it; and I made investigations, and found ten or twelve of
the men Roman Catholics, whom we brought back. All the others were executed, because they
were Calvinists and enemies of our Holy Catholic faith. All this took place on Saturday (St.
Michael’s Day), September 29, 1565.
