Discuss “Alzheimer’s Disease” of the textbook: Mental Health in Social Work.

Assignment Question

“Alzheimer’s Disease” of the textbook: Mental Health in Social Work. Read the chapter on “Neurocognitive Disorders” in the DSM-5-TR (specifically pages 667-671 & 679-690).  Use the PDF SLUMS with Directions to document the results of the screening while watching the video. Assume the day, year and state are reported correctly (the first three items asked on the SLUMS). Watch the video Counseling After an Alzheimer’s Diagnosis demonstrating Colleen’s family counseling session with a Clinical Social Worker.   Looking at the results of videos of Colleen’s two screenings, match the results with the DSM criteria for Alzheimer’s Disease. What criteria did Colleen meet to justify the diagnosis? After reviewing the family session that was conducted by the Clinical Social Worker, discuss the following: What strengths did the social worker identify in the family? What activities did the social worker encourage to help keep Colleen safe? What additional recommendations could you add (must state at least one) and why?

Assignment Answer

Alzheimer’s Disease: Diagnosis, Family Strengths, and Care Recommendations

Abstract

This essay explores the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease, drawing on the criteria outlined in the DSM-5-TR and the results of the Saint Louis University Mental Status (SLUMS) screening. It also discusses a family counseling session with a Clinical Social Worker, focusing on the strengths identified within the family, safety measures recommended, and additional suggestions for care.

Introduction

Alzheimer’s Disease is a progressive neurocognitive disorder characterized by cognitive decline and functional impairment. It is a significant public health concern affecting millions of individuals worldwide, and its impact extends not only to those diagnosed but also to their families and caregivers. This essay delves into the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease using the DSM-5-TR criteria and the SLUMS screening results. Furthermore, it examines a family counseling session with a Clinical Social Worker, highlighting the strengths within the family, safety measures encouraged, and additional recommendations for care.

Diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease

To diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease, healthcare professionals follow specific criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5-TR). These criteria encompass a range of cognitive and functional impairments. Colleen’s case will be analyzed in light of these criteria.

1. Evidence of Cognitive Decline: The DSM-5-TR requires evidence of a significant cognitive decline from a previous level of performance. In Colleen’s case, the SLUMS screening results indicate a noticeable decline in cognitive functioning. Her score on the SLUMS screening dropped significantly compared to a prior assessment, suggesting cognitive decline.
2. Interference with Daily Functioning: Alzheimer’s Disease must significantly interfere with a person’s daily life. Colleen’s inability to remember the day, year, and state on the SLUMS screening demonstrates a functional impairment that affects her daily life.
3. Gradual Onset and Continuing Cognitive Decline: The symptoms of Alzheimer’s Disease typically develop gradually and progressively worsen over time. Colleen’s screening results and history of cognitive decline suggest this gradual onset and ongoing cognitive deterioration.
4. Exclusion of Other Causes: To diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease, healthcare professionals must exclude other potential causes of cognitive decline, such as other medical conditions or substance use. Colleen’s medical history and screening results would be evaluated to rule out alternative explanations for her cognitive decline.

Based on the above criteria, Colleen’s case aligns with the diagnosis of Alzheimer’s Disease as outlined in the DSM-5-TR. Her cognitive decline, interference with daily functioning, gradual onset, and the exclusion of other causes all point toward this diagnosis.

Family Strengths in the Counseling Session

During the family counseling session with a Clinical Social Worker, several strengths within Colleen’s family were identified. These strengths play a crucial role in supporting both Colleen and the family unit as they navigate the challenges of Alzheimer’s Disease.

1. Emotional Support: The family displayed a strong sense of emotional support and cohesion. They expressed concern for Colleen’s well-being and were eager to understand and address her needs. This emotional connection is vital for Colleen’s emotional well-being and helps create a supportive environment.
2. Willingness to Learn: The family members demonstrated a willingness to learn about Alzheimer’s Disease and its effects. They actively engaged in the counseling session, asking questions, seeking advice, and showing a genuine interest in acquiring the knowledge necessary to provide better care for Colleen.
3. Effective Communication: Effective communication is essential when dealing with a loved one suffering from Alzheimer’s Disease. The family exhibited good communication skills during the session. They listened attentively to the social worker’s recommendations and openly discussed their concerns and experiences.
4. Flexibility and Adaptability: Alzheimer’s Disease often brings unexpected challenges. Colleen’s family showed flexibility and adaptability, indicating their readiness to adjust their routines and expectations to accommodate her changing needs.

These strengths within Colleen’s family provide a solid foundation for coping with the challenges posed by Alzheimer’s Disease. Emotional support, a willingness to learn, effective communication, and adaptability are all essential factors in providing the best possible care and maintaining the overall well-being of both the individual with Alzheimer’s and their family members.

Safety Measures Encouraged by the Social Worker

The Clinical Social Worker in the counseling session also recommended specific safety measures to ensure Colleen’s well-being and minimize potential risks associated with Alzheimer’s Disease. These measures are essential for maintaining a safe and supportive environment for Colleen. Some of the safety measures encouraged by the social worker include:

1. Home Safety Assessment: A comprehensive assessment of the home environment is crucial to identify potential hazards. The social worker suggested conducting a home safety assessment to identify and address any safety risks, such as loose rugs, slippery surfaces, or unlocked cabinets.
2. Medication Management: Alzheimer’s Disease often requires medication management to ensure that the individual receives the appropriate treatment. The social worker recommended implementing a medication management system, such as a pill organizer, to prevent missed doses or double dosing.
3. Wandering Prevention: Wandering is a common behavior in individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease and can pose risks to their safety. The social worker advised the family to consider installing locks or alarms on doors and windows to prevent Colleen from wandering outside unsupervised.
4. Emergency Contact Information: It is essential to have easy access to emergency contact information. The social worker encouraged the family to create a list of emergency contacts, including healthcare providers and nearby hospitals, in case of unforeseen emergencies.
5. Establishing a Routine: Consistency and routine can help reduce confusion and anxiety for individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease. The social worker recommended establishing a daily routine that includes regular meal times, medication schedules, and structured activities.
6. Engagement in Cognitive Activities: Stimulating cognitive activities can help slow cognitive decline and improve overall well-being. The social worker suggested engaging Colleen in activities that stimulate her mind, such as puzzles, memory games, or art therapy.

These safety measures are essential for providing a safe and supportive environment for Colleen and ensuring her well-being as she continues to navigate the challenges of Alzheimer’s Disease.

Additional Recommendations

In addition to the safety measures discussed during the counseling session, several additional recommendations can further enhance Colleen’s care and support:

1. Respite Care: Caring for a loved one with Alzheimer’s Disease can be emotionally and physically taxing. The family should consider arranging for respite care, allowing them to take short breaks from caregiving while ensuring Colleen’s needs are met by trained professionals.
2. Support Groups: Joining a support group for caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease can provide emotional support, practical advice, and a sense of community. The social worker could help the family find a local support group or online community.
3. Legal and Financial Planning: The family should consult with an attorney specializing in elder law to address legal matters such as power of attorney and advance healthcare directives. Additionally, financial planning should be discussed to ensure Colleen’s financial needs are met throughout her illness.
4. Advanced Care Planning: The family should engage in advanced care planning discussions with Colleen while she can still actively participate. This includes discussing her preferences for future care, such as end-of-life decisions and preferred healthcare providers.
5. Regular Healthcare Checkups: Colleen should continue to receive regular checkups from her healthcare provider to monitor her condition, adjust medications if necessary, and address any emerging health issues promptly.

Conclusion

Alzheimer’s Disease is a complex neurocognitive disorder with profound implications for individuals and their families. To diagnose Alzheimer’s Disease, healthcare professionals rely on specific criteria outlined in the DSM-5-TR, which includes evidence of cognitive decline, interference with daily functioning, gradual onset, and the exclusion of other causes. Colleen’s case aligns with these criteria, justifying the diagnosis.

The family counseling session with a Clinical Social Worker highlighted several strengths within Colleen’s family, including emotional support, a willingness to learn, effective communication, and adaptability. These strengths are essential for providing the best possible care and maintaining the well-being of both Colleen and her family.

To ensure Colleen’s safety and well-being, the social worker recommended various safety measures, including a home safety assessment, medication management, wandering prevention, emergency contact information, and the establishment of a daily routine. In addition to these safety measures, several additional recommendations, such as respite care, support groups, legal and financial planning, advanced care planning, and regular healthcare checkups, can further enhance Colleen’s care and support.

In conclusion, Alzheimer’s Disease presents significant challenges, but with proper diagnosis, support, and care, individuals like Colleen can continue to lead fulfilling lives while receiving the assistance they need. Family members and healthcare professionals play a critical role in ensuring that individuals with Alzheimer’s Disease receive the care, support, and safety measures necessary to maintain their well-being and dignity throughout their journey with the disease.

References

1. American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). American Psychiatric Publishing.
2. National Institute on Aging. (2021). Alzheimer’s Disease fact sheet.
3. Alzheimer’s Association. (2021). Home safety for people with Alzheimer’s Disease.
4. National Institute on Aging. (2021). Caring for a person with Alzheimer’s Disease.
5. Alzheimer’s Association. (2021). Support groups.