1. Discuss the development of intention in English criminal law.
You should address and discuss the different forms of intention and should focus mainly on the development of the rules on indirect intention, as this is the most controversial area of intention. You also should address the development of intention by discussing the key cases listed below. You may discuss whether indirect intention overlaps with recklessness and blurs the distinction between murder and manslaughter. You may also discuss whether indirect intention is a substantive rule of law of a rule of evidence. (1500 word)
Key cases:
* Steane [1947] 1 All ER 813—intention confined to motive;
* Moloney [1985] 1 All ER 1025—oblique intention: foresight of a moral certainty;
* Hancock & Shankland [1986] 1 All ER 641—the greater a consequence is foreseen, the greater the probability it is intended;
* Nedrick [1986] 3 All ER 1—the Nedrick Direction: foresight of a virtual certainty is oblique intention;
* Woollin [1999] 1 AC 82—Nedrick Direction confirmed
* you must use OSCOLA for the referencing .
