Each student is responsible for answering 5 questions assigned according the first letter of your last name. Do NOT select your own questions. Please answer the questions assigned to you. This material will prepare you for your quizzes and exams.
Answers should be complete. Bullet points are nice. Think of this as working together to develop a “Study Guide” for the exam. Please do not copy from the text book word for word. We all have the textbook 🙂 It is in your very best interest to make sure that all questions are answered, as all of this content will be on your exam.
End your post with an open ended question, to allow for discussion within your group.
Your reply posts are due Sundays at 11:59pm. Reply to at least one classmate. Replies should be at minimum one paragraph in length. Answer the open ended question that your classmate posted. The response must be substantial. Do not post with “I agree” or “Great work!” type of non-substantial answers. This is not a substantial reply and will not earn credit.
Please use the rubric for reference when writing your posts. To view the rubric click on the gear in the right hand top corner of the page.
Deadlines for this course are firm, please adhere to them. If you have any questions, please ask.
Discussion Group Instructions
Last Name Begins With (if you have a hyphenated last name- use the first one that is on file):
A – C: Answer Q 1-5
1- Discuss methods of fluid movement including osmosis, hydrostatic pressure, diffusion, active transport.
2- Discuss the main types of cell junctions.
3- Discuss Ischemia
4- Discuss Down Syndrome, Klinefelter Syndrome, & Cystic Fibrosis, including genetic traits, physical findings, neurologic findings, and any cultural or ethnic implications.
5- Discuss hypotonic, isotonic, & hypertonic solutions.
remember to put one open ended question at the end.
this is one of my student discussion post. please answer her question regarding what do I think about her research. Homework is due today. If get 100 for with I would love to have you every week. Here is someone in my group post
11.Discuss cellular atrophy/hypertrophy
Cellular Atrophy is a reduced size of an organ or tissue that results from decrease cell size and number. For example: the organ can become smaller due to number of cells decrease and/or the size of the cells decreases which can lead to atrophy. (Bonaldo & Sandri, 2013)
Hypertrophy is an increase in cell size. For example if enough cells within the organ “Hypertrophy”, so will the entire organ. There are no new cells, the cells just become larger. Which is caused by a synthesis of more structural components of the cell usually related to proteins. (Bonaldo & Sandri, 2013
12.Discuss the following cellular changes: metaplasia, hyperplasia, dysplasia.
Hyperplasia – is an increase in the number of the cells. It results in cell mitosis, or division. Hyperplasia takes place if the cell population is capable of diving and resulting in increased cell numbers. For example: if the cell originally has 3 cells and now has 6 cells, is now identified as hyperplasia which also causes an increase in organ size. (Bonaldo & Sandri, 2013)
Dysplasia – is identified when there are abnormal changes in cellular shape, size and/or organization. Dysplasia is thought to be related to hyperplasia and is sometimes known as “atypical hyperplasia” (Bonaldo & Sandri, 2013)
Metaplasia – occurs when a differentiated cell of type is replaced by another cell type. It is a reversible process though to be caused by stem cell reprogramming. (Bonaldo & Sandri, 2013)
13.Discuss the basic composition of DNA
DNA is made of a chemical building blocks that are referred to nucleotides. These building blocks consist of three parts: phosphate group, a sugar group and one of four types of nitrogen bases. In order to form a strand of DNA,nucleotides are linked into chains, with the phosphate and sugar groups alternating. (Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA), n.d.)
14.What is a reperfusion injury?
Reperfusion injury is a term that is used when damage occurs after blood supply is restored to a tissue or organ after a period of ischemia occurred. Three components of reperfusion injury are myocardial edema, hemorrhage, calcium deposition and microvascular obstruction. (Biology Online, 2021)
15.Describe 3 phases of cellular catabolism.
Stage 1 – Digestion – organic molecules such as proteins, lipids and polysaccharides are catabolized to their smaller components, outside cells. These complex molecules are not absorbable for their absorption is essential that these basic molecules break down easily to smaller monomers. (Biology Online, 2021)
Stage 2 – glycolysis – energy release – are smaller molecules that are in an absorbable form and are taken up by cells and converted to small molecules and are releasing energy in the process. (Biology Online, 2021)
Stage 3 – Oxidation and the citric acid cycle – Is when the acetyl group of the CoA is oxidized to water and carbon dioxide in the citric acid cycle and electron transport chain, in this process. The stored energy is released by reducing the coenzyme (NAD+) into NADH. (Biology Online, 2021)
What is your feedback on my research regarding the following questions?
please answer that so I can post the answer
