A 13-year-old boy comes into the clinic c/o of scrotal swelling and pain for the last 2 hours. PE reveals a nonreducible mass in the right scrotal sac. Scrotal sac is tender to touch, red and edematous. The patient reports the pain is a 10/10 on the pain scale. There is no history of trauma or other problems. Describe assessment techniques indicated in this presentation What other lab/diagnostic testing would you order? What is your differential? What is your management plan? Provide rationale and reference for each answer.
