PURPOSE To demonstrate mastery of analyzing data with correlation and ANOVA and post hoc tests. To practice creating graphs of means. To strengthen writing skills specific to quantitative information. For this lab, you will be using an SPSS data file called ‘Lab 4. sav’ that you can download from Canvas under the Lab 4 assignment. This is real data from the 2016 General Social Survey, representing: 1) Respondent’s highest year of school completed (EDUC) 2) Type of place a respondent lived in when 16 years old (Res_Recode) 1 ＝ Rural 2 ＝ Small town (less than 50,000) 3 ＝ Midsize town/city (50,000 to 250,000) 4 ＝ Big city (more than 250,000) 3) Number of hours worked last week (HRS1) 4) A respondent’s political ideology (Pol_Recode) 1 ＝ Liberal 2 ＝ Moderate 3 ＝ Conservative PROJECT 1 Step 1. ANOVA Carry out an ANOVA to determine whether a respondent’s highest level of education is different based on where a respondent lived when they were 16 years old. (3 points) To do this follow these instructions: a. ANALYZE ˃ COMPARE MEANS ˃ ONE-WAY ANOVA. b. Enter ‘EDUC’ in the dependent list and ‘Res_Recode’ in the factor box. c. Click the “Post Hoc” button and select ‘LSD’. Click ‘continue’. d. Click the ‘Options’ button and select ‘desсrіptive’. Click ‘continue’ and then ‘ok’. Step 2. Creating Graphs Now, create a graph to accompany these results. (1 point) To do this choose: a. GRAPHS ˃ LEGACY DIALOG ˃ BAR ˃ SIMPLE and then hit ‘DEFINE’. b. Looking at the buttons under the heading ‘bars represent’, select ‘Other statistic (e.g. mean)’. c. Move ‘EDUC’ into the variable box and ‘Res_Recode’ into the category axis box. d. Click on the ‘Titles’ button. Down where it says ‘Footnote’, enter the figure caption ‘Figure 1: The highest level of education by residence at age 16” into Line 1. Edit the graph to reveal the differences more dramatically. (1 point) a. Double click on the body of your graph. A ‘chart editor’ window will pop up. b. Double click on one of the numbers that make up the vertical axis, and a properties box will appear. c. Select the ‘scale’ tab. Change the ‘maximum’ to 16 (i.e. a bachelor’s degree), then click ‘apply’, and then ‘close’. d. Click back on your original output and your updated graph will appear. Step 3. Interpreting Results Report your findings using complete sentences: a. What were the means for the four residence types? (4 points) b. Using the 3+1 sentence format, write your conclusion for this hypothesis test, reporting F (4 points) c. Based on the graph alone, which pairs of means do you think might be significantly different from each other? (1 point) d. Do we need to look at the results of the post hoc tests? Why? (1 point). e. Report all of the significant relationships from the post hoc test. (4 points) NOTE: The pairs that are significantly different from each other are flagged with an asterisk. You only need to report each pair once. f. How did this compare to what you predicted above? (1 point) PROJECT 2 Step 1. ANOVA Carry out an ANOVA to determine whether a respondent’s highest level of education is different based on their political ideology. (3 points) To do this follow these instructions: a. ANALYZE ˃ COMPARE MEANS ˃ ONE WAY ANOVA. b. Click ‘Reset’ c. Enter ‘EDUC’ in the dependent list, and ‘Pol_Recode’ in the factor box. d. Click the “Post Hoc” button and select ‘LSD’. Click ‘continue’. e. Click the ‘Options’ button and select ‘desсrіptive’. Click ‘continue’ and then ‘ok’. Step 2. Creating Graphs Now, create a graph to accompany these results. (1 point) To do this choose: a. GRAPHS ˃ LEGACY DIALOG ˃ BAR ˃ SIMPLE and then hit ‘DEFINE’. b. Click ‘Reset’ c. Looking at the buttons under the heading ‘bars represent’, select ‘Other statistic (e.g. mean)’. d. Move ‘EDUC’ into the variable box and ‘Pol_Recode’ into the category axis box. e. Click on the ‘Titles’ button. Down where it says ‘Footnote’, enter the figure caption ‘Figure 2: The highest level of education by political views. Edit the graph to reveal the differences more dramatically. (1 point) a. Double click on the body of your graph. A ‘chart editor’ window will pop up. b. Double click on one of the numbers that make up the vertical axis, and a properties box will appear. c. Select the ‘scale’ tab. Change the ‘maximum’ to 16 (i.e. a bachelor’s degree), then click ‘apply’, and then ‘close’. d. Click back on your original output and your updated graph will appear. Step 3. Interpreting Results Report your findings using complete sentences: a. What were the means for the three political views? (3 points) b. Using the 3+1 sentence format, write your conclusion for this hypothesis test, reporting F (4 points) c. In this case, we need to look at the results of the post hoc tests. Why? (1 point). d. Report all of the significant relationships from the post hoc test. (3 points) NOTE: The pairs that are significantly different from each other are flagged with an asterisk. You only need to report each pair once. PROJECT 3 Step 1. ANOVA Carry out an ANOVA to determine whether a respondent’s number of hours worked is different based on their political views. (3 points) To do this follow these instructions: a. ANALYZE ˃ COMPARE MEANS ˃ ONE WAY ANOVA. b. Click ‘Reset’ c. Enter ‘HRS1’ in the dependent list, and ‘Pol_Recode’ in the factor box. d. Click the “Post Hoc” button and select ‘LSD’. Click ‘continue’. e. Click the ‘Options’ button and select ‘desсrіptive’. Click ‘continue’ and then ‘ok’. Step 2. Interpreting Results Report your findings using complete sentences: a. What were the means for the three political views? (3 points) b. Using the 3 sentence format, write your conclusion for this hypothesis test, reporting F (3 points) c. We don’t need to look at the results of the post hoc tests. Why? (1 point). PROJECT 4 Step 1. Correlation Carry out a Pearson’s Correlation to determine whether a respondent’s highest level of education is related to the number of hours they work. (3 points) To do this follow these instructions: a. ANALYZE ˃ CORRELATE ˃ BIVARIATE. b. Move “EDUC” and “HRS1” to the variables box. c. Click ok. Step 2. Interpreting Results Report your findings using complete sentences: An a. What is the value of the Pearson correlation? (1 point) b. What is the direction of the relationship? (1 point) c. report the results in the 3 sentence format. (3 points)
