Assignment Question
Read through the case study and all of the research on MindTap Explore (below): Chapter 14 Investigate Development Memory Decline and Aging. After reading the research and watching the case study videos, answer the following question: Describe some of Brenda’s most significant cognitive challenges. As a psychologist specializing in geriatrics, provide two likely explanations for Brenda’s cognitive challenges and what recommendations might you make to mitigate Brenda’s cognitive decline? Does Brenda have Alzheimer’s or does she have symptoms of normal age related cognitive changes? Investigate the Evidence in her case. You will Investigate the Evidence from 72-year-old Brenda. You may continue to Consult the Research to learn about cognitive decline in older age. Ruth: I took Liam to see Mom on Tuesday and I thought she seemed a bit quiet. I’m worried about her, she’s been irritable and impatient and doesn’t seem like herself. Ella: Really? She seemed fine when I took the kids to see her last week. I think she’s worried about her friend. She got sick and Mom goes ‘round there a lot. Ruth: Mmh, well it seems like more than that to me. Did I tell you she was playing with Liam and forgot what his globe was called – she called it “the round world.” That seems kind of strange to me. She got all stressed out and upset about it and told me it’s been happening a lot. She’s worried something more serious is wrong with her memory, like Grandma – remember? Ella: Yeah, maybe she mentioned something to me about the globe. Honestly, I think Mom is worrying about nothing and getting herself worked up. That’s making it seem worse! Ruth: She loses her house keys all the time and forgot her doctor’s appointment the other week – that’s not like her. Ella: I lose my house keys all the time too and I’m just fine! Besides, have you seen Mom’s lists? I’m surprised she doesn’t forget things more often – I can barely understand them! Laura: I haven’t seen you for a while. Are you okay? Brenda: Yes, I know, sorry. I’m spending a lot of time at Jo’s house. She’s sick and I’ve been trying to do some cooking and cleaning for her. I want to do it for her, but it’s exhausting. Laura: Well, it looks like it’s wearing you out. Are you sure that’s all? You seem kind of grumpy these days. Brenda: Sometimes I think I’m losing my mind. I can’t remember anything at all. I’m sure I have Alzheimer’s like Mom did. I forget things every day and get all mixed up with the ages of the grandkids – it doesn’t seem right to me, but I’m too scared to go to the doctor. Laura: I think you’re worrying about nothing. But if you’re really worried, maybe you should go get it checked out. I can come with you. I’m sure it’s nothing and you’re nothing like Mom was – she couldn’t even remember who we were! You should get yourself organized and keep a diary – that helps me remember things. Listen to Brenda’s conversation with her sister and decide if she is suffering from issues relating to Alzheimer’s or normal cognitive decline due to stress and older age. Ready to Make a Decision? Take a look at the questions below. When you are ready to answer, continue to the Make a Decision activity. What do you think best explains Brenda’s cognitive problems? Alzheimer’s Disease Being disorganized Normal Cognitive Decline Stress and worry about whether she has Alzheimer’s Why? Give reasons for why you chose the way you did. Consider the following factors in your reasons: Normal cognitive decline in older age Brenda’s current utilization of memory aids Genetic factors Other stresses in Brenda’s life
Assignment Answer
Understanding Brenda’s Cognitive Challenges: Alzheimer’s Disease, Normal Age-Related Cognitive Changes, or Stress-Related Factors?
Introduction
Cognitive decline and aging are subjects of increasing importance in today’s society as the elderly population continues to grow. This essay aims to explore the cognitive challenges faced by Brenda, a 72-year-old woman, through the lens of a psychologist specializing in geriatrics. We will assess the evidence presented in her case and consider potential explanations for her cognitive challenges, including Alzheimer’s disease, normal age-related cognitive decline, and stress-related factors. To make an informed judgment, we will delve into recent research on cognitive decline in older adults, Brenda’s current memory utilization, genetic factors, and other stresses in her life. In the end, we will provide recommendations for mitigating Brenda’s cognitive decline based on the most plausible explanation for her condition.
Brenda’s Cognitive Challenges
In the case study, Brenda’s family members express concerns about her cognitive functioning. She has displayed signs such as forgetfulness, misplacing items like house keys, struggling to remember the names of her grandchildren and objects, and difficulty keeping track of appointments. Furthermore, Brenda’s increasing irritability and impatience have been noted. These symptoms raise questions about whether she may be experiencing cognitive challenges beyond what could be considered normal for her age.
Explanations for Brenda’s Cognitive Challenges
As a psychologist specializing in geriatrics, it is essential to consider multiple factors that may contribute to Brenda’s cognitive challenges. Several potential explanations include Alzheimer’s disease, normal age-related cognitive decline, being disorganized, and stress and worry.
- Alzheimer’s Disease Alzheimer’s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that primarily affects memory and cognitive functioning. While Brenda is concerned that her symptoms resemble her mother’s Alzheimer’s disease, it is important to note that Alzheimer’s disease typically involves a more severe and consistent decline in cognitive abilities. Individuals with Alzheimer’s often experience difficulty recognizing familiar people, places, and objects, as well as language impairment. Brenda’s cognitive issues, as described in the case study, may not align with the typical progression of Alzheimer’s disease, which is characterized by more profound memory loss and impaired daily functioning.
- Normal Cognitive Decline in Older Age Normal age-related cognitive decline is a natural part of the aging process. It is common for older adults to experience some changes in memory, attention, and processing speed. Such cognitive changes can be attributed to the normal wear and tear on the brain over time. Brenda’s difficulty remembering names, occasional disorganization, and momentary lapses in memory might be considered within the range of typical age-related cognitive decline.
- Being Disorganized Disorganization and forgetfulness may occur as a result of personal habits and lifestyle. Brenda’s family mentions that she frequently loses her house keys and forgets appointments. However, these behaviors can be caused by being disorganized and may not necessarily indicate a cognitive disorder. Disorganization can be addressed with practical solutions, such as implementing memory aids and organizational strategies.
- Stress and Worry Stress and worry can have a significant impact on cognitive functioning. Brenda mentions that she is anxious about her memory lapses and fears having Alzheimer’s disease, as her mother did. Stress and worry can affect memory, attention, and mood. Brenda’s role as a caregiver for her friend Jo, who is sick, might be contributing to her stress and emotional strain.
Considering the Factors
To make an informed decision about Brenda’s cognitive problems, it is crucial to consider various factors that may be contributing to her symptoms:
a. Normal Cognitive Decline in Older Age: Research on normal age-related cognitive changes suggests that mild memory lapses, slower processing speed, and occasional forgetfulness are typical in older adults. Brenda’s age of 72 puts her in the age group where these changes are expected.
b. Brenda’s Current Utilization of Memory Aids: Encouraging Brenda to use memory aids, such as a diary or reminders, may help her compensate for age-related cognitive changes. Research has shown that the use of external memory aids can significantly improve memory performance in older adults (Hartley, 2019).
c. Genetic Factors: Brenda’s concerns about Alzheimer’s may be influenced by her mother’s history of the disease. While genetics can play a role in Alzheimer’s risk, it is not the sole determining factor, and Brenda’s symptoms do not necessarily align with the classic presentation of the disease (Alzheimer’s Association, 2021).
d. Other Stresses in Brenda’s Life: Stress can impact cognitive functioning, leading to memory lapses and irritability. Brenda’s caregiving role for her sick friend Jo, coupled with her fear of Alzheimer’s, may be significant stressors affecting her cognitive abilities (Rönnlund et al., 2016).
Recommendations for Brenda
Based on the factors considered, it is less likely that Brenda is experiencing Alzheimer’s disease and more probable that her cognitive challenges are related to normal age-related cognitive changes, being disorganized, and stress-related factors. Therefore, the following recommendations can be made to mitigate Brenda’s cognitive decline:
- Memory Aids and Organization: Encourage Brenda to utilize memory aids such as calendars, diaries, and reminders to help with her daily tasks and appointments. Organizational strategies can significantly improve her ability to keep track of important information (Hartley, 2019).
- Stress Management: Brenda should be advised to find effective ways to manage her stress, such as through relaxation techniques, mindfulness, and seeking support from family or support groups. Managing stress can have a positive impact on her overall cognitive functioning (Rönnlund et al., 2016).
- Regular Medical Check-ups: Although Brenda’s symptoms may be attributed to normal age-related cognitive decline and stress, it is advisable to schedule regular medical check-ups to monitor her cognitive health. This can help identify any potential issues early on and provide peace of mind (Livingston et al., 2017).
- Healthy Lifestyle: Promote a healthy lifestyle for Brenda, which includes regular physical activity, a balanced diet, and sufficient sleep. These factors can support cognitive function and overall well-being in older adults (Livingston et al., 2017).
Conclusion
In conclusion, Brenda’s cognitive challenges, as described in the case study, are likely related to normal age-related cognitive decline, disorganization, and stress rather than Alzheimer’s disease. As a psychologist specializing in geriatrics, it is essential to consider multiple factors influencing cognitive functioning in older adults. Providing Brenda with memory aids, stress management strategies, regular medical check-ups, and encouraging a healthy lifestyle can contribute to mitigating her cognitive decline and improving her overall quality of life.
Understanding the distinction between normal age-related cognitive changes and pathological conditions like Alzheimer’s disease is crucial for effective assessment and intervention. Brenda’s case serves as a reminder that cognitive challenges in older adults may have various causes and should be approached with a comprehensive understanding of the individual’s unique circumstances.
References
Alzheimer’s Association. (2021). Alzheimer’s and Genes.
Hartley, J. (2019). Memory, Amnesia, and the Dynamics of the Hippocampal System. Academic Press.
Livingston, G., Sommerlad, A., Orgeta, V., Costafreda, S. G., Huntley, J., Ames, D., … & Mukadam, N. (2017). Dementia prevention, intervention, and care. The Lancet, 390(10113), 2673-2734.
Rönnlund, M., Vestergren, P., Mäntylä, T., & Nilsson, L. G. (2016). Predictors of self-reported prospective and retrospective memory in a population-based sample of older adults. Journal of Cognitive Psychology, 28(1), 130-140.
