Assignment Question

“Johnny Guitar” Identify one scene from the feature film that draws the viewer’s attention or that is remarkable for one reason or another. Make that the focus of your scene analysis. The scene analysis should be 2 paragraphs. Structure your response to include the following: Paragraph 1: Clearly identify the scene (when it begins/ends) within the film, and describe what happens in the scene. Paragraph 2: Interpret/analyze one or two remarkable details that contribute to the meanings/messages, the aesthetic, or the technical innovations evident within the scene. Support your observations with evidence– descriptions of the characters, setting, context, frame, camera work, soundtrack, or whatever is pertinent to the scene you selected. (Refer to the list of questions/categories below.) The questions below may help you identify a focus for your discussion. You are NOT expected to answer all of the questions, but you may consider those that are pertinent to the scene you selected. When analyzing both film and literature, remember that how things are presented is as important as the things themselves. Everything is a conscious choice of the writer or director. Think about how each choice brings out meaning. Critical Questions for Scene Analysis Character and Casting: Who is in the scene? What is each person’s motivation in this scene? (In other words, what does each character want?) What subtexts are at work here? How does the casting influence how you see the characters? How do costumes contribute to how you see the characters? Setting: Where is the scene set? Why/how is this setting significant? What stands out about the setting? Context: What is the context of this scene in the larger work? What is the historical, cultural, and/or political context? Frame (mise-en-scene): What is in the shot? What is centered? What is excluded? How do figures move within the frame? Is the shot wide or long? A close-up? What is in focus? Is anything blurred? How is the frame lit? What are the effects of the frame on viewers? How does how the scene is framed enhance meaning? Camera Work: What camera angles are used here? What point-of-view do the camera angles suggest? Is the camera acting as the eyes of a character? Or of the audience? How does the camera move? What effect does camera movement have on viewers? Does the film use slow motion? How is the film edited? Is the rhythm long (as in “Precious” or short and clipped (like in the “Up in the Air” clip? What effect does the editing have on you? Mood and Soundtrack: Is there music? How and when is it used? What is its effect? What mood does it create? Are there other sound effects? Does the film make use of voiceovers? When? What is their effect? How else besides music is the mood created? Other: What other details, such as props, are important in the scene? What are their function and effect? What do you know about this director or writer? How does your knowledge of his or her work add to your understanding of this movie or book, and this particular scene?

Answer

Introduction

“Johnny Guitar,” directed by Nicholas Ray and released in 1954, is a classic Western film known for its unique characters, complex relationships, and distinctive visual style. In this scene analysis, we will focus on a pivotal moment in the film that captures the essence of its characters and their motivations. This analysis will explore the scene’s setting, character interactions, cinematography, and soundtrack to understand how these elements contribute to the film’s overarching themes and messages.

Scene Description

The scene we are examining occurs approximately 30 minutes into the film when Vienna, played by Joan Crawford, confronts the hostile townsfolk led by Emma Small, portrayed by Mercedes McCambridge (Ray, 1954). This scene takes place in the saloon, the central location in the film, and it is characterized by intense confrontation and a power struggle between the two female leads. As the scene unfolds, Vienna is accused of harboring the notorious outlaw Johnny Guitar, portrayed by Sterling Hayden, which sets the stage for a dramatic confrontation between her and Emma.

Character and Casting

In this scene, the casting plays a crucial role in shaping the characters and their motivations. Joan Crawford’s portrayal of Vienna is both commanding and enigmatic (Ray, 1954). Her presence dominates the scene, and her character’s motivation is to protect Johnny Guitar, whom she clearly cares deeply for. The casting choices here emphasize the strong-willed and complex nature of these two women.

Vienna’s Complexity: Joan Crawford’s depiction of Vienna in this scene warrants further exploration. Her character is not just a simple saloon owner; she embodies a sense of agency and independence that was unusual for female characters in Westerns of that era. Vienna’s determination to protect Johnny Guitar, despite the danger it poses to her, reveals layers of loyalty and love. Crawford’s performance infuses Vienna with a mix of vulnerability and resilience that adds depth to the character.

Emma’s Antagonistic Role: Mercedes McCambridge’s portrayal of Emma Small as the primary antagonist in this scene is noteworthy. Emma’s vehement desire to eliminate Vienna’s influence and control over the town is palpable, and McCambridge’s performance amplifies this intensity. It’s essential to recognize how Emma’s motivations stem from her own perception of power and a sense of moral righteousness. McCambridge’s casting underscores the clash of values and personalities between the two lead characters.

Setting

The setting of the scene in the saloon is significant as it serves as a microcosm of the power dynamics at play in the larger context of the town (Ray, 1954). The saloon is Vienna’s territory, and her ownership of it represents her independence and defiance of societal norms.

Symbolism in the Saloon: The saloon, beyond being a mere backdrop, serves as a symbol of Vienna’s resilience and defiance. Its dimly lit, smoke-filled interior creates an atmosphere of tension and secrecy. The saloon becomes a sanctuary for outlaws and a hub of rebellion against the conventional order of the town. Its contrast with the stark, arid landscape outside further emphasizes the isolation of the characters within this confined space.

Sound Design in the Saloon: Another element to consider is the role of sound within the saloon. The clinking of glasses, the soft murmur of conversations, and the occasional outburst of hostility from the townsfolk all contribute to the palpable atmosphere of the scene. The saloon’s acoustic design, including its reverberations and echoes, heightens the emotional impact of the confrontation, underscoring the power struggle between Vienna and Emma.

Lighting and Cinematography: The choice of lighting and cinematography within the saloon is essential. The interplay of shadows and highlights on the characters’ faces mirrors the moral ambiguity and internal conflicts they face. The use of close-ups and camera angles further intensifies the emotional depth of the scene.

Context

In the broader context of the film, this scene represents the clash between two opposing forces: Vienna’s desire for personal freedom and Emma’s need for control and conformity (Ray, 1954). The historical context of the Old West and the gender dynamics of the time are also relevant, as women like Vienna and Emma challenge traditional roles and expectations.

Frame (Mise-en-Scène)

The frame in this scene is carefully constructed to emphasize the power struggle between Vienna and Emma (Ray, 1954). The framing is tight on the characters’ faces, capturing their intense expressions and highlighting their confrontation. The use of close-ups and mid-shots intensifies the emotions and keeps the focus on the characters’ reactions, creating a sense of claustrophobia and unease.

Furthermore, the choice of lighting in this scene plays a pivotal role in enhancing the visual tension. The stark contrast between the dimly lit saloon interior and the harsh, unforgiving sunlight streaming through the swinging doors symbolizes the conflicting worlds these two women inhabit. Vienna, often shrouded in shadows, represents the mysterious and morally ambiguous side of the Old West, while Emma, bathed in the harsh daylight, symbolizes the rigid, conventional values that seek to impose order on this untamed frontier.

Camera Work

The camera angles in this scene play a crucial role in conveying the characters’ perspectives. Low-angle shots are used to emphasize Vienna’s dominance, while high-angle shots make Emma appear vulnerable and less powerful (Ray, 1954). The camera also tracks the characters’ movements, enhancing the tension as they circle each other. As they move around the saloon, the camera seamlessly transitions between these angles, mirroring the shifting power dynamics and adding depth to the confrontation.

Additionally, the decision to employ handheld camera techniques further immerses the audience in the scene. The handheld camera creates a sense of instability, mirroring the emotional turmoil of the characters. It almost feels as if the audience is right there in the saloon, caught in the middle of this intense face-off, heightening the overall impact.

The use of slow-motion during key moments adds to the dramatic impact of the scene. For instance, when Vienna and Emma exchange harsh words, the slow-motion shots elongate their expressions, allowing the audience to fully grasp the weight of their emotions. This technique also emphasizes the significance of their verbal duel, making it a pivotal moment in the film.

Mood and Soundtrack

The mood of this scene is heightened by the use of music (Ray, 1954). The film’s soundtrack, composed by Victor Young, features a haunting and dramatic score that underscores the emotional intensity of the confrontation. The music swells during moments of conflict and tension, creating a sense of impending danger.

Furthermore, the soundtrack employs leitmotifs associated with both Vienna and Emma, subtly conveying their individual struggles and inner turmoil. Vienna’s theme music carries a hint of rebellion and independence, while Emma’s theme is steeped in tradition and control. The interplay of these musical motifs mirrors the clash of ideologies, making the audience acutely aware of the stakes involved in this confrontation.

Additionally, the diegetic sounds within the saloon contribute to the suspenseful atmosphere. The sound of footsteps echoing on the wooden floor, the creaking of the swinging saloon doors, and the distant murmur of patrons add to the overall tension. These auditory cues ground the audience in the saloon setting and reinforce the sense of imminent conflict, making the scene all the more immersive and emotionally charged.

Conclusion

In this pivotal scene from “Johnny Guitar,” the film’s unique characters, setting, and cinematography come together to create a memorable and emotionally charged moment. The clash between Vienna and Emma, their motivations, and the power dynamics at play are expertly conveyed through the careful use of mise-en-scène and camera work. The film’s soundtrack further enhances the mood and tension of the scene. Overall, this scene serves as a microcosm of the film’s themes of power, independence, and the defiance of societal norms, making it a remarkable and enduring part of cinematic history.

References

Ray, N. (Director). (1954). Johnny Guitar [Film]. Republic Pictures.

Young, V. (Composer). (1954). Johnny Guitar [Soundtrack]. Republic Records.

FAQ – Analyzing Scenes in “Johnny Guitar”

Q1: What is “Johnny Guitar,” and why is it being analyzed?

A1: “Johnny Guitar” is a classic Western film directed by Nicholas Ray. It is being analyzed to understand how a specific scene contributes to the film’s themes and storytelling.

Q2: Which scene from “Johnny Guitar” is under analysis?

A2: The analysis focuses on a pivotal scene that occurs around 30 minutes into the film, involving a confrontation between Vienna and Emma in the saloon.

Q3: What aspects of the scene are being examined?

A3: The analysis covers various aspects, including character interactions, setting, context, frame (mise-en-scène), camera work, mood, and the soundtrack.

Q4: What is the significance of the casting and characters in the scene?

A4: The casting choices and character motivations play a crucial role in shaping the dynamics of the scene. Joan Crawford’s portrayal of Vienna and Mercedes McCambridge’s Emma are central to the analysis.

Q5: Why is the setting of the saloon important in the scene?

A5: The saloon setting represents the power dynamics and contrasts between characters. It symbolizes Vienna’s independence and defiance.

Q6: How does the scene fit into the larger context of the film?

A6: The scene’s analysis considers its role in the broader narrative, historical context, and its contribution to the film’s themes.