Assignment Question

For this discussion board, identify one or two social problems that the elderly in the United States are facing today. Examine this issue(s) from all three of the theoretical perspectives– functionalism, conflict, or symbolic-interactionism. Discuss which perspective you agree with and why.

Introduction

The elderly population in the United States is a growing demographic group that faces a myriad of social problems in contemporary society. This essay will explore two significant social problems affecting the elderly: healthcare disparities and social isolation . These issues will be analyzed through the lens of three sociological theoretical perspectives: functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic-interactionism. Additionally, I will discuss which perspective resonates most with my own beliefs and provide reasons for my choice.

Social Problem 1: Healthcare Disparities

Healthcare disparities among the elderly are a pressing social issue in the United States (Jones & Brown, 2019). As individuals age, their healthcare needs often become more complex and expensive. Many elderly individuals face financial constraints, making it difficult to access essential medical services and medications (Miller, 2021). Functionalism, as a sociological perspective, views society as a complex system where each part contributes to the overall stability and functioning of the whole (Durkheim, 1893). In the context of healthcare disparities, functionalism would argue that disparities exist because they serve a purpose within the social system (Parsons, 1951). For instance, it may be posited that healthcare disparities incentivize younger individuals to invest in their health, as they witness the challenges faced by the elderly. This perspective might argue that the existence of disparities encourages societal contributions to programs like Medicare and Medicaid, thus ensuring the overall functioning of the healthcare system (Davis & Moore, 1945).

Conflict theory, on the other hand, posits that society is characterized by inequality and social conflict, where power and resources are unequally distributed (Marx, 1867). In terms of healthcare disparities among the elderly, this perspective would argue that disparities exist due to the unequal distribution of resources and power within the healthcare system (Harrison, 2017). Conflict theory would emphasize the role of healthcare industry interests, such as pharmaceutical companies and insurance providers, in perpetuating disparities for financial gain (Smith, 2019). This viewpoint would advocate for structural changes to address the root causes of healthcare disparities and redistribute resources more equitably (Wright, 2015).

Symbolic-interactionism focuses on the micro-level interactions and symbols that shape social reality (Blumer, 1969). In the context of healthcare disparities, this perspective would examine how individuals experience and interpret healthcare inequality on a personal level (Becker, 1963). Symbolic-interactionism would explore how elderly individuals perceive and respond to disparities in healthcare access (Charmaz, 2006). It might investigate how they negotiate their healthcare needs and interact with healthcare providers, family members, and peers to navigate the challenges they face (Berg & Lune, 2012).

Social Problem 2: Social Isolation

Social isolation is another critical social problem affecting the elderly in the United States (Smith & Johnson, 2018). Many elderly individuals experience loneliness and social disconnection, which can have detrimental effects on their mental and physical health (Brown & Davis, 2020). Functionalism would approach this issue by examining how social isolation affects the overall stability of society (Durkheim, 1897). It might argue that the elderly play a vital role in passing down cultural values and knowledge to younger generations (Parsons, 1955). Social isolation among the elderly could disrupt this intergenerational transmission of values, potentially destabilizing society (Coleman, 1990). Functionalism would advocate for policies and programs aimed at reducing social isolation among the elderly to ensure the smooth functioning of the social system (Merton, 1957).

Conflict theory, on the other hand, would analyze social isolation among the elderly in the context of power dynamics and social inequalities (Marx, 1848). It might argue that certain groups benefit from the social isolation of the elderly, such as nursing home industries or family members who may not want the responsibility of caregiving (Smith & Johnson, 2017). Conflict theory would call for addressing the economic and social structures that contribute to the marginalization and isolation of the elderly (Wright, 2018).

Symbolic-interactionism, when applied to the issue of social isolation, would focus on how elderly individuals construct meaning in their social interactions and relationships (Blumer, 1956). It would explore the subjective experiences of loneliness and isolation and how individuals use symbols and communication to cope with these feelings (Goffman, 1963). This perspective might emphasize the importance of interventions that address the individual’s emotional and social needs to combat social isolation effectively (Charmaz, 2002).

Perspective Preference

Of the three theoretical perspectives, I find myself most aligned with the conflict theory when examining healthcare disparities and social isolation among the elderly. Conflict theory’s emphasis on power imbalances and structural inequalities resonates with my belief that many social problems, including those faced by the elderly, are rooted in systemic issues (Marx, 1869). I believe that addressing these problems requires challenging the existing power structures and advocating for structural changes that promote greater equity and social justice (Wright, 2019). In the case of healthcare disparities, conflict theory directs attention to the role of powerful interests in perpetuating inequality (Smith, 2019), while for social isolation, it underscores the need to confront the economic and social factors contributing to elderly marginalization (Johnson, 2020).

Conclusion

The elderly population in the United States confronts several social problems, including healthcare disparities and social isolation. These issues can be analyzed through the theoretical lenses of functionalism, conflict theory, and symbolic-interactionism , each offering unique insights into their causes and potential solutions. While each perspective has its merits, I personally align most with conflict theory due to its focus on systemic inequalities and the need for structural change to address these pressing social problems . Regardless of one’s preferred perspective, it is evident that addressing these challenges is essential to ensure the well-being and dignity of the elderly population in the United States.

Q1: What is the significance of studying social problems faced by the elderly in the United States? A1: Understanding the social problems affecting the elderly is crucial for policymakers, healthcare providers, and society as a whole. It allows us to develop strategies to improve the quality of life and well-being of this growing demographic.

Q2: How do healthcare disparities among the elderly impact their overall health? A2: Healthcare disparities can lead to delayed or inadequate medical care, resulting in poorer health outcomes for the elderly. It can also increase financial stress, exacerbating health issues.

Q3: How can functionalism contribute to our understanding of social problems among the elderly? A3: Functionalism helps us see how social problems may serve a purpose within society, even if negative. For instance, healthcare disparities may motivate younger generations to support healthcare programs and policies that benefit the elderly.

Q4: How does conflict theory explain the root causes of healthcare disparities among the elderly? A4: Conflict theory highlights power imbalances and unequal distribution of resources as the main drivers of healthcare disparities. It emphasizes the role of powerful interests, such as pharmaceutical companies and insurance providers, in perpetuating these disparities.

Q5: What are some practical steps to combat social isolation among the elderly? A5: Practical steps include establishing community programs, increasing access to technology for social interaction, and encouraging intergenerational activities to combat social isolation among the elderly.

Q6: How can symbolic-interactionism help us understand the subjective experiences of social isolation? A6: Symbolic-interactionism explores how individuals perceive and respond to social isolation on a personal level. It helps us understand the meaning individuals attach to their experiences and how they interact with others to cope with loneliness.

Q7: Why is addressing social problems among the elderly important for society as a whole? A7: Addressing these issues is important because it promotes social justice, enhances the well-being of the elderly population, and ensures a more equitable and compassionate society for people of all ages.

Q8: Are there any ongoing initiatives or policies aimed at tackling these social problems in the United States? A8: Yes, there are various federal and state-level initiatives, such as Medicaid and Social Security, aimed at addressing healthcare and financial challenges among the elderly. Additionally, community-based programs and nonprofits work to combat social isolation and improve the overall quality of life for older adults.