Introduction
Florence Nightingale is considered a pioneer in the nursing profession – leading nurses in a charge to encourage patients to live healthier and nurses to extend care beyond the bedside. Nightingale observed a relationship between patient mortality and the environment resulting in the Environment Theory. The Environment Theory focuses on the role of the environment in health and illness and the idea that altering the environment can affect change in health. Jean Watson added to nursing’s discussion on social determinants of health (SDOH) and her theory of holistic nursing – the Philosophy and Science of Caring – nursing care that focuses on the health of the whole person. Watson’s theory integrates four major concepts into nursing practice: human being; health; environment/society; and nursing. Watson upholds that there are internal and external factors surrounding human beings and their health and wellness (Watson Caring Science Institute, n.d.).
The future of nursing, as has our past, depends on the evolution and further growth of the profession as a distinct health and caring discipline – and the development of nurses who can meet the unique needs and wishes of diverse individuals and groups. To create effective programs and modalities for eliminating health disparities and improving population health, we must work collaboratively to address the unique needs within the community. This means we MUST consider and address social determinants of health (SDOH).
Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)
Social determinants of health (SDOH) encompass a range of social and economic factors that influence a person’s well-being. These determinants include socioeconomic status, education, employment, social support, and the physical environment (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, n.d.). Understanding the impact of SDOH is essential to addressing health disparities and promoting equitable access to healthcare.
In this discussion, we will explore how poverty, a significant social determinant of health, can affect overall health and wellness. Poverty intersects with many other SDOH, making it a critical factor to examine.
Choices and Sacrifices in the Face of Poverty
When facing poverty, individuals are often forced to make difficult choices and sacrifices to meet their basic needs. In the “Spent” game, I encountered situations where I had to decide between necessities like food, housing, and healthcare. These choices often involved sacrificing wants, such as entertainment or leisure activities, in favor of essential needs.
The feeling of having to sacrifice a need or want is emotionally challenging. It can lead to frustration, anxiety, and a sense of powerlessness. For example, when I had to choose between paying for rent or buying food in the game, I felt a deep sense of empathy for individuals who face this dilemma in real life. Such decisions can take a toll on one’s mental and emotional well-being.
Unfairness in Poverty-Related Situations
Among the situations presented in the game, the one that seemed the most unfair was the cost of healthcare. In the game, access to healthcare was expensive, and not seeking medical attention resulted in negative consequences for the character. This mirrors real-life situations where individuals in poverty often struggle to afford necessary healthcare services, leading to health disparities.
The unfairness of healthcare costs in poverty is a reflection of the broader issue of unequal access to healthcare. In many societies, individuals with lower socioeconomic status face barriers to quality healthcare services. This disparity in healthcare access perpetuates health inequalities, as individuals with limited financial resources may delay or forgo essential medical care.
Impact of Poverty on Health
Living with a low monthly budget, as portrayed in the game, can have a profound impact on people’s health. When individuals are unable to afford nutritious food, safe housing, and healthcare, their physical health is at risk. Malnutrition, housing instability, and delayed medical care can lead to a range of health issues.
Furthermore, poverty affects other social determinants of health. For instance, limited access to quality education can perpetuate the cycle of poverty, as individuals may struggle to secure well-paying jobs. Additionally, the physical environment in impoverished areas may lack essential resources like parks and safe spaces for physical activity, contributing to a sedentary lifestyle.
The impact of poverty on health extends to mental health as well. The chronic stress of financial instability and the daily struggle to make ends meet can lead to mental health disorders such as anxiety and depression. Moreover, individuals in poverty may have limited access to mental health services, exacerbating these issues.
Conclusion
In conclusion, poverty plays a pivotal role in shaping social determinants of health, with far-reaching consequences for individuals and communities. The choices and sacrifices individuals make when living in poverty can have a profound impact on their emotional well-being. Some situations may seem deeply unfair, such as the high cost of healthcare, which can exacerbate health disparities.
Addressing poverty and its effects on SDOH is crucial for improving population health and reducing healthcare disparities. Healthcare professionals, including nurses, must be aware of these challenges and advocate for policies and interventions that promote economic stability and equal access to resources. By addressing poverty and its intersection with social determinants of health, we can work towards a future where everyone has the opportunity to lead a healthy and fulfilling life.
References
U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.). Social Determinants of Health.
Watson Caring Science Institute. (n.d.). Jean Watson’s Biography.
FAQs
What are Social Determinants of Health (SDOH)?
Social Determinants of Health (SDOH) are a set of conditions and factors in the social and economic environment that influence a person’s overall health and well-being. These determinants include aspects like income, education, housing, access to healthcare, and social support. They play a crucial role in shaping health outcomes and health disparities in society.
How does poverty affect choices and sacrifices in healthcare?
Poverty often forces individuals to make challenging decisions when it comes to healthcare. People in poverty may have to choose between paying for basic needs like food and rent or seeking necessary medical treatment. This can lead to delayed or forgone healthcare, impacting their health in the long run.
Why is the cost of healthcare often seen as unfair in the context of poverty?
The high cost of healthcare can be perceived as unfair for individuals living in poverty because it exacerbates existing health inequalities. Many impoverished individuals struggle to afford necessary medical services, resulting in unequal access to healthcare. This disparity is often seen as unjust and a contributing factor to health disparities.
How does poverty affect mental health and well-being?
Poverty can have a significant impact on mental health. The chronic stress of financial instability, the struggle to meet basic needs, and the lack of access to mental health services can lead to conditions like anxiety and depression. Mental health issues are often more prevalent among individuals living in poverty.
What can be done to address the impact of poverty on social determinants of health?
Addressing the impact of poverty on SDOH requires a multifaceted approach. It includes policies aimed at reducing poverty, improving access to education, affordable housing, and healthcare, as well as promoting economic stability. Healthcare professionals and policymakers can advocate for these measures to mitigate the negative effects of poverty on health.
