Your gastrointestinal system is comprised of a long tube in which exposures from the outside world (i.e. food) are processed to nourish the body. To effectively do so, we rely on a series of enzymes, hormones, gradients, and properties of smooth muscle in the processes of digestion and absorption.
Attached to your prompts are several key topics that must be included in your videos. Your textbook is informative but light on these subjects so you’ll also find a list of resources that provide all of the information necessary to successfully generate your videos. You may draw from additional resources as well. Please cite these in APA format following the example at the bottom of this page.
Prompt: Choose one of the following
1) Smooth Muscle
The GI tract is lined with it – and it’s used to keep food moving along. In this video, describe:
– The layering of smooth muscle to along the esophagus, stomach, and intestines.
– Factors that initiate contraction such as autonomic innervation (via varicosities), hormonal, and mechanical stimulation; using examples such as gastric emptying, peristalsis, and vomiting.
– Initiation of smooth muscle contraction by calcium influx
– Does the use of calcium channel blockers for hypertension management increase the risk of gastrointestinal issues?
Resources
Textbook readings: 11.7b, and throughout Chapter 25
2) Pathway of Carbohydrate Digestion and Absorption
Imagine eating a beignet. Or, don’t just imagine it.. What happens to complex carbohydrates in the flour? How about the simple carbohydrates of the powdered sugar? In this prompt, trace these nutrients through the GI tract, from the beignet to absorption. Describe:
– The processes during the anticipation of a meal, used to prepare for digestion
– The enzymes secreted to digest carbohydrates, and the tissues responsible for doing so
– Hormones responsible for the facilitation of carbohydrate digestion
– Factors associated with absorption, including concentration gradients and the differing transporters for monosaccharides
-Display the passage of monosaccharides through the enterocyte
Resources
Textbook readings: Chapter 25, specifically 25.6a
3) Pathway of Protein Digestion and Absorption
Imagine eating some grilled chicken. Or an egg if you’re vegetarian. What happens to in the protein? In this prompt, trace a protein through the GI tract, ending the absorption of amino acids into the bloodstream. Describe:
– The enzymes secreted to digest proteins, their activation, and the tissues responsible; with special attention paid to the cells lining the stomach
– Hormones responsible for the facilitation of protein digestion
– Factors associated with protein absorption, including concentration gradients proteins
-Display the passage of amino acids through the enterocyte
Resources
Textbook readings: Chapter 25, specifically 25.6b
4) Pathway of Lipid Digestion and Absorption
Consider eating a fatty avocado. What happens to the long chain fatty acids it contains? How about the medium chain triglycerides that make up MCT oil popular with ketogenic dieters? Describe:
– The hydrophilic and hydrophobic properties of lipids
– The enzymes secreted to digest lipids, and the tissues responsible for doing so
– Hormones responsible for the facilitation of lipid digestion
-Briefly describe the production, action, and catabolism of bile
-Process of lipid absorption
-Differentiate between absorption of long chain fatty acids into chylomicrons and medium chain fatty acids into the lacteal
Resources
Textbook readings: Chapter 25, specifically 25.
5) Neuroendocrine Control of Hunger and Satiety
Control centers in the hypothalamus receive input from hormones to dictate whether we are hungry or satiated. In this video, describe:
– The components of the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, including melanocortin-secreting and NPY-secreting neurons
– Long-term vs. short term satiety control; including CCK, PYY, leptin, GLP-1, and insulin
– Ghrelin production at the stomach to initiate hunger
– Deregulation of the pathway; Leptin resistance as a cause of obesity
Resources
Textbook readings: 26.1b
– Short Review Video
– Longer Lecture Video (certain slides are applicable)
– Toward a Wiring Diagram Understanding of Appetite Control as additional reference material for individual components
-There are many review papers on the topic of neuroendocrine control of satiety and hunger
Instructions:
1. Research your topic using the resources provided as well as valid external resources such as research papers.
2. Design your 5 minute video. This may be a slide presentation, a recording of you drawing out your pathway on a whiteboard, an explainer using complete anatomy, or a combination of the three.
3. Record yourself. To do so, you may use a screen capture application such as Snipit or Screenshot (on Mac). As you do, make sure the produced file is a video file (i.e. .mp4)
4. Publish to a hosting site. Videos are to be published as Unlisted, not Private or Public.
5. Post your video link. The link should follow a 1-line title of your chosen topic. If outside sources such as research papers or textbooks were used, please include citations in APA format in your submission below the link to your video. Below is an example of a submission using a topic from Module 7 topic. You will not be able to view your classmates work until your work is submitted.
Cardiac Action Potentials and the Autonomic Nervous System
YouTube.com/demo
Faber, G. M., & Rudy, Y. (2000). Action potential and contractility changes in [Na(+)](i) overloaded cardiac myocytes: a simulation study. Biophysical journal, 78(5), 2392–2404. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-3495(00)76783-X
