Define the following models of planning. (1) Communicative Planning (2) Advocacy/Equity Planning (3) Radical Planning. Describe in-depth each model, noting key scholars.
1. What planning process it follows and what assumptions underlie claims that the process is reasonable and produces good solutions to development problems.
2. Identify their distinguishing characteristics and their major strengths and weaknesses.
3. How is the model differ from traditional, comprehensive planning models?
4. Much of planning involves many participants. How does the model address (or not) the process of public participation including power relations, expert knowledge, and consensus within the process of urban planning?
5. Present the most compelling critiques of the model. Discuss and evaluate each of the critiques, and explain why each is valid or invalid.
