Virtually all airports were traditionally owned by the public sector. European airports serving major cities such as Paris, London, Dublin, Stockholm, Copenhagen, Madrid and Geneva were all owned by national governments, as were many other airports outside Europe such as those in Tokyo, Singapore, Bangkok, Sydney, and Johannesburg. It was only in the 1990s that there started to be a significant presence of privately, or partially privately, owned airports. Discuss what the effect is of privatization on the aviation industry? Highlighting the: Effect on customer service and quality; does it improve the service or impact the service? Effect on airline’s operating cost