Explain the perceptions of Beethoven and his social/cultural/philosophical influences through writings of Chinese intellectuals such as Li Shutong, Lu Xun, Wang Guanqi, Feng Zikai, and Fu Lei.

Discuss the perceptions and influences of Beethoven in twentieth-century China (1900-1949)*. Explain the perceptions of Beethoven and his social/cultural/philosophical influences through writings of Chinese intellectuals such as Li Shutong, Lu Xun, Wang Guanqi, Feng Zikai, and Fu Lei. Then, discuss how Beethoven’s music influences the musical and artistic activities in early twentieth-century China. Next, discuss the change in perceptions of Beethoven in wartime, including writings of Xian Xinghai, Nei Er, and Mao Zedong.