Osmoreceptors located in the hypothalamus control the release of A. angiotensin. B. atrial natriuretic peptide. C. aldosterone. D. vasopressin (antidiuretic hormone, ADH). 10 points QUESTION 2 Decreased neuromuscular excitability is often the result of A. hypercalcemia and hypermagnesemia. B. hypomagnesemia and hyperkalemia. C. hypocalcemia and hypokalemia. D. hypernatremia and hypomagnesemia. 10 points QUESTION 3 Which event is likely to lead to hyponatremia? A. Insufficient ADH secretion B. Excess aldosterone secretion C. Administration of intravenous normal saline D. Frequent nasogastric tube irrigation with water 10 points QUESTION 4 The body compensates for metabolic alkalosis by decreasing arterial carbon dioxide. hypoventilation. increasing bicarbonate ion excretion. hyperventilation. 10 points QUESTION 5 The arterial blood gas pH = 7.52, PaCO2 = 30 mm Hg, HCO3– = 24 mEq/L demonstrates metabolic acidosis. respiratory acidosis. respiratory alkalosis. mixed alkalosis. 10 points QUESTION 6 The patient who requires the most careful monitoring for development of metabolic acidosis is a patient who is in the diuretic phase of acute renal failure. has had hypokalemia for over a week. has had diarrhea for over a week.Correct has newly diagnosed Cushing syndrome. 10 points QUESTION 7 A patient is diagnosed with starvation ketoacidosis. What signs and symptoms should you anticipate in your assessment? Slow, shallow breathing, belligerence, hyperexcitability Slow, shallow breathing, numbness and tingling around his mouth Rapid, deep breathing, lethargy, abdominal pain Rapid, deep breathing, tremors, elevated blood pressure 10 points QUESTION 8 Serum creatinine may be increased by carbohydrate intake. muscle breakdown. fat intake. fluid intake. 10 points QUESTION 9 The glomerular filtration rate is most accurately reflected in the blood urea nitrogen level. urinary output. serum osmolality. serum creatinine level. 10 points QUESTION 10 The hallmark manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is refractory hypoxemia. tachycardia. hypotension. frothy secretions. 10 points
