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Evidence-based practice beings with a process that helps nurses utilize a combination of their experience and clinical expertise and research to integrate best practices (backed by data and research), into clinical care for improved outcomes. It is a systematic approach to improved patient care and outcomes. It requires knowledge, evidence, appraisal, and analysis. (Bonnel & Smith 2017). There are numerous steps that can be taken when conducting evidence-based research. The first step identifies an area in need of improvement, for example, meeting core Sepsis measures (timely administration of antibiotics, blood culture draw before antibiotics, weight-based IV fluid administration). The identified area in need of improvement is used to develop a well-constructed question. Using the PICOT statement can be an effective approach used to summarize your research question (Grand Canyon University, 2020)
* P) – Population refers to the sample of subjects you wish to recruit for your study. There may be a fine balance between defining a sample that is most likely to respond to your intervention (e.g. no co-morbidity) and one that can be generalized to patients that are likely to be seen in actual practice.
* (I) – Intervention refers to the treatment that will be provided to subjects enrolled in the study.
* (C) – Comparison identifies what you plan on using as a reference group to compare with your treatment intervention. Many study designs refer to this as the control group. If an existing treatment is considered the “gold standard” then this should be the comparison group.
* (O) – Outcome represents the result you plan on measuring to examine the effectiveness of your intervention. Familiar and validated outcome measurement tools relevant to common chiropractic patient populations may include the Neck Disability Index or Roland-Morris Questionnaire. There are various outcome tools available for different clinical populations, each have strengths and weaknesses.
* (T) – Time describes the duration for data collection (Bonnel & Smith 2017).
After answering the PICOT, the next step is to select the appropriate resources to conduct the research. According to DeNisco and Barker (2016), several reliable resources are available such as the Cochrane Library, the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), the Joanna Briggs Institute Library. The next steps involved verifying the validity of the study, appraising and analyzing for reliability and credibility, and applying them to practice. In the last steps, you evaluate the outcomes in comparison to the expected outcome and then disseminate this information to others. (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2018). It is important to follow these steps when creating an evidence-based project to ensure high-quality care and the best patient outcomes.
References
Bonnel, W., & Smith, K. (2017). Proposal writing for clinical nursing and DNP projects (2nd ed.). Springer Publishing Company (p. 1-70).
Denisco, S. M., & Barker, A. M. (2016). Advanced Practice Nursing: Essential Knowledge for the profession. (3 ed.).
Grand Canyon University. (2020, December 2). Nursing & health sciences. Research Guides at Grand Canyon University.
Melnyk, B. M., & Fineout-Overholt, E. (2018). Evidence-based practice in nursing & healthcare: A guide to best practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
