Negative reinforcement is commonly misunderstood because of the term negative. Most people get it mixed up with punishment or think it refers to an unwanted behavior being reinforced. In the science of behavior analysis, the term negative refers to the fact that a stimulus is being removed after a behavior. Remember, reinforcement increases behavior, so with negative reinforcement, a stimulus is removed following a response and results in an increased frequency of that behavior. For example, when you connect your seat belt to stop the annoying buzzing sound in your car, this is negative reinforcement (the behavior of wearing a seat belt increases to remove an aversive stimulus).
Explain the difference between the common misconception of the term negative reinforcement and how the science of behavior analysis defines it. Why do you think this misconception exists?
Provide three examples of negative reinforcement in ABC (three-term contingency) format. Explain why they are negative reinforcement.
Provide three examples of positive reinforcement in ABC (three-term contingency) format. Explain why they are positive reinforcement.
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Read or review the following:
Miltenberger, R. G. (2016). Behavior modification: Principles and procedures (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Pages 65–73 in Chapter 4, “Reinforcement.”
Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Pearson.
Pages 32–35 and 36–44 in Chapter 2, “Basic Concepts and Principles.”
Pages 252–259 in Chapter 11, “Positive Reinforcement.”
Pages 287–292 in Chapter 12, “Negative Reinforcement.”
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