Answer two of the following questions. The important thing is to answer the question fully and clearly. Your answer should show that you understand the relevant material well and have thought about it. I expect this will require roughly three pages. The ground rules are the same as for previous exams in this course. Be sure to answer each part of the question. Provide page numbers for quotations form assigned readings. If you quote other sources or use ideas from them, provide information about the author, work, page or section.
1. Discuss two features of Berkeley’s philosophy that James would either approve or disapprove and explain why in each case. It is fine if you argue James would approve some features and not others.
2. Hume finds that although we believe that similar causes have similar effects, there is no proof, or argument, which shows it to be true. James not only agrees, but argues that we have a certain justification for accepting this belief. Explain James’ reasons for this and say why you do, or do not think he is right. (Argue for one side or the other.)
3. According to Shepherd, what reason do we have for believing that things we perceive by sense, e.g. a tree, continue to exist when we are not perceiving them?
