Q1. A. What is Artificial Intelligence? How does understanding of “Natural” intelligence help or hinder your understanding of artificial intelligence and development of systems based on them. Please provide justification for your answer. B. Learning is the foundation of Machine Learning as it relates to Artificial Intelligence. What is Learning in the context of “machine learning”? Define different types of machine learning techniques that we have discussed and explain how understanding of different types of learning helps us in developing machines that learn? Q2. A. Processing of natural language is very difficult. Please provide at least three characteristics of natural language that make processing it so difficult. B. Define how most Natural Language Processing (NLP) systems work. Can you relate your definition of NLP specifically in the context of overcoming the three difficulties that you mentioned in part A? Q3. A. How is knowledge engineering fundamentally different than machine learning? B. What is knowledge engineering process; describe the overall process, its goals and the steps? Q4. A. Describe the difficulties associated with image processing tasks? B. Describe how Convolutional Neural Network work to overcome the difficulties that you mentioned in part A? Please make sure your desсrіption includes a discussion of the process of convolution and how it is represented in the architecture of a typical CNN. Q5. A. What is deep learning and how would you distinguish it from “shallow” learning? How would you distinguish deep learning from “traditional” Artificial Neural Networks (ANN)? B. Please give an example of situation where deep learning may not be appropriate and a situation where deep learning can be applied successfully? Based on the two examples you gave, can you describe broadly what makes a situation ideal for a deep learning-based solution? Q6. A. How does human mind gets so much out of so little, so quickly, so flexibly, and on such little? What is the implication of this observation on developing cognitive systems? B. Please describe Polanyi’s Paradox and Moravec’s Paradox. Discuss the implications of these two paradoxes on the development of cognitive systems. Please justify your answers on parts A and B. You may want to use examples to contextually frame your argument. Q7. A. What is the relationship between Intelligence and Cognition? Please define each and then discuss why understanding of this distinction is fundamental to the development of cognitive systems. B. Cognitive systems have evolved substantially during the past couple of decades. What do you think has fueled this evolution and where do you think the next step in this evolutionary ladder will be? Look into your crystal ball, what do you see?
