This report must give the reader some important information on the overall topic of the lab, the results obtained and the analysis of the findings. Materials and Methods must be clearly presented in paragraph form. Results must be clearly shown, summarized, and connected to the overall purpose or goal of the lab activity. Although “we” can be used, the passive voice is more acceptable. DO NOT USE THE PERSONAL PRONOUN “I” WHEN WRITING YOUR REPORT. Example: Correct: Three gtts (drops) of water were added to tubes 1A, 2A, and 3A. Incorrect: I added three gtts (drops) of water to tubes 1A, 2A, and 3A. Introduction (Should be several paragraphs – 1 – 2 pages) Give some interesting and relevant background information on the topic of the lab you are writing on. Begin by describing the system involved; both anatomy and physiology. If you are looking at the activities of enzymes, give information on the enzymes and its activities. When doing urinalysis lab, write on urinalysis, etc. Give information so a reader will know what you are working on. The text provides background information, however, use other sources to add more information or to explain further what was discussed in class. Example, if your lab report is on effect of an enzyme, say what the enzymes are, their functions, their importance, where they are commonly found, etc. Be sure to mention what the objectives and the hypothesis are. Also mention the importance of testing for these enzymes or. You must also include in-text citations. At least 3 different references, including the text, MUST be included. Example of what in-text citation should look like Enzymes are required for most reactions taking place in the body. They are needed in reactions involved in the breakdown of food (Reed, 1966), fighting of bacterial infections (Selan, 1993) and protein synthesis (Koshland et al., 1958). Enzymes are catalysts; as a result they speed up chemical reactions. In one sentence state the purpose or the objective of the exercise: Example: The purpose of this lab activity was to examine the effects of digestive enzymes on their substrates. The enzyme and substrate combinations were trypsin on proteins; amylase on starch; and lipase on lipids. Materials and Methods – Use the materials and methods provided in the lab manual. If you were instructed to do something different from what’s in the manual you must mention that. THIS SECTION SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN PARAGRAPH FORM AND NOT AS A LIST. DESCRIBE WHAT YOU DID. DO NOT LIST ANYTHING. Remember DO NOT USE PERSONAL PRONOUN “I” WHEN WRITING YOUR REPORT Incorrect (Do not list and avoid using I) I used 5 test tubes, a beaker filled with water, a hot plate, amylase, etc. Or To test for the activities of amylase, 5 test tubes, a beaker filled with water, a hot plate, amylase, starch and iodine were used in the experiment. Correct (Observe it is written in the passive voice) To test for the activity of trypsin, 5 gtts of water were added to tubes labeled 1T and 2T. 5 gtts of trypsin were added to tubes 1T, 3T, 4T and 5T… Results/Data – Results are usually given in a table or graph format. In both cases there must be a number and title or legend for each. Example, a table giving the names of the dyes and the colors observed can be titled, “Table 1. Results of Benedict’s test. Tube 1 and 2 were negative for reducing sugar, while tubes 3 – 6 were positive”. Discussion/Conclusion – Discuss the results you obtained in terms of expected results and results obtained. Mention any observations you made as the experiment or activity progressed. Discuss whether the experiment went as planned. If it did not, mention what may have been the cause for the discrepancy. Analyze your results in context with objective(s). Discuss whether your hypothesis can be accepted or rejected or whether. What could have been done to improve the outcome of the activity? Did you learn anything special? Give your overall opinion on the outcome of the activity. Write 1 – 2 paragraphs on a disease associated with the main topic of the lab. Be sure to use in-text citations. Example The amylase digestion test showed amylase was able to digest starch at room temperature and 37°C but not at 4°C and 55°C. This was because at 4°C the low temperature inhibited the action of amylase, while at 55°C amylase was most likely denatured. These results indicate amylase does breakdown starch. The results also suggest amylase functions at specific temperature ranges. 37°C is normal temperature of the body, therefore; it makes sense that amylase was able to breakdown starch at this temperature. References of Work Cited – DO NOT USE WEB ADDRESSES UNLESS THEY ARE REPUTABLE AND HAVE INFORMATION NOT AVAILABLE IN REVIEWS OR TEXTS. USE ONLINE TOOLS LIKE CITATION MACHINE OR EASYBIB TO HELP FORMAT YOUR CITATIONS Example List of References Koshland, D. E. (1958). Application of a theory of enzyme specificity to protein synthesis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 44(2), 98-104. Selan, L., Berlutti, F., Passariello, C., Comodi-Ballanti, M. R., & Thaller, M. C. (1993). Proteolytic enzymes: a new treatment strategy for prosthetic infections?. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 37(12), 2618-2621.
**** BE SURE TO LOOK OVER THE SLIDES attached.****
**** PLEASE LOOK OVER THE PICTURES TOO AND IF THERE IS ANY QUESTIONS JUST ASK.****
