Part 1.
1)Explain what is meant by domestic orientalism of gangs. How is this connected to Galeano’s concept of an upside-down world?
2)How did “pump city” work? Explain the interaction between Mr. A and the students
3)What was the major issue of youth groups in New York? Explain “American Apartheid and why were NYC gangs more politicized? How did the public react towards the gang conferences?
4)What is meant by the lack of social citizenship? How does the transnationalism of gangs appear in Europe (“sin papeles); explain the “liminal legality” felt by Dominicans and the alienation of Puerto Rican youths.
5)What are some of the reasons females and males might join gangs? How did the ALKQN and Ñeta allow gay identified members to their groups? What were the reasons for their inclusion/exclusion?
6)How is the struggle of space described by Palmas? What is the role of the state? Explain the parallels of US , Central American, and Brazil policies?
7)Explain how gangs express themselves through spirituality and syncretism (Almighty Black P. Stone Nation, Latinx gangs). Explain Conquergood’s theory of gang communications/performance.
8)What were the two (2) developments found by researchers during the 1980s crack epidemic? What are the consequences of the “War on Drugs”? What are Hayden’s four (4) observation on gang peacemaking?
Part 2
1. After reading Chapter 6 and watching the documentary discuss with your classmates.
– How does gang settlement become a process of “segmented assimilation” in South Africa? and
– How does the concept of the “precariat” (combination of precarious and proletariat) applicable in this environment?
2. After reading Chapter 7 and watching the documentary discuss with your classmates.
– How is race a social construct in South Africa compared to other places in the world (US, Latin America, the Caribbean, Europe) and how does hyper-pluralism affect the racial structure of gangs?
– Explain the South African gangs through the use of cultural criminology. Describe gang embodiment (tattoos, clothing, signs, art).
