Write a review article on the medical applications of CRISPR technologies. Begin with an introduction to the history of gene editing, which involves gene therapy, how mutations cause cancers, existing gene therapy solutions, problems with gene therapy in the past, etc. Then, go into the specifics of double-strand break repair to understand the mechanism behind gene editing. Following that, go briefly into previous gene editing technologies, which involves ZFNs and TALENs. State why CRISPR is more effective with specific reasoning. Then, talk about the mechanism of CRISPR Cas9 as an adaptive immune system, which involves the entire process by which the system works, involving a phage, the gRNA, PAM, etc. Briefly mention how aspects of the natural system will be used today. Briefly dive into the structure of cas9 and explain the role of certain proteins in the cas9 complex. To end the introduction, discuss the technological limitations that exist within CRISPR Cas9 and explain how these may be solved in the future.
For the discussion section of the paper, the diseases focused will be Sickle Cell Anemia and Beta Thalassemia, LCA, hATTR, Leukemia, Lymphoma, and Lung Cancer. For each of these diseases, give an explanation as to what the diseases are, what the current CRISPR Cas-9 treatment method is, and include 3-5 recent articles (2020 or more preferably) about updates to the clinical trials and current directions which they are moving in. When doing so, please go into as much detail as possible and mention as much background as necessary.
