Write an an Write an annotated bibliography for each of the 5 identified studies. Address the following: Conduct a search that is related to your previously-identified clinical question or nursing problem. Conduct the search within the following primary data sources: MEDLINE/PubMed/OVID CINAHL Scholarly Search Engine List the search terms that you used. For each article summary (you will do this for all 5 articles), address all of the following: Identify the purpose of the study, and include the research question. Determine if it was qualitative or quantitative research. Explain how you arrived at this decision. Describe the population studies. Describe the methods that you used to collect data. What was done to establish reliability and validity in this study? What were the major findings? What were the conclusions? What were the study limitations? Include a correctly formatted APA title page and reference page. The submission should be 3-5 pages, excluding the title and reference pages, following the APA Expectations document for the College of Nursing. notated bibliography for each of the 5 identified studies. Address the following: Conduct a search that is related to your previously-identified clinical question or nursing problem. Conduct the search within the following primary data sources: MEDLINE/PubMed/OVID CINAHL Scholarly Search Engine List the search terms that you used. For each article summary (you will do this for all 5 articles), address all of the following: Identify the purpose of the study, and include the research question. Determine if it was qualitative or quantitative research. Explain how you arrived at this decision. Describe the population studies. Describe the methods that you used to collect data. What was done to establish reliability and validity in this study? What were the major findings? What were the conclusions? What were the study limitations? Include a correctly formatted APA title page and reference page. The submission should be 3-5 pages, excluding the title and reference pages, following the APA Expectations document for the College of Nursing. Article has been written by Pritts, K., et al., in 2020 and conducted research for continuous quality improvement in health care sector. In this article, writers have researched about standards of oral-care protocol for patients of pneumonia that could help to reduce the number of non-ventilator hospital acquired cases. Implementation of oral care standard protocol has been studied in different phases based on condition of patient to reduce cases of NV-HAP. Hospital-acquired pneumonia is considered the second most common reason behind nosocomial infections, which results in high mortality rates. It can result in severe health complications and economic burdens. The purpose of this study is to lower the occurrence of the non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP) by 10 percent. The study is an attempt to answer the following research objective: The link between oral care and Non-Ventilator Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (NV-HAP) and the impact on the overall health of patients in case of implementation of Standardized Oral Care Protocol (Pritts, K., et al., 2020). The target sample population was 160 patients in two non-intensive care units (medical-surgical unit and medical-neurology unit) of a not-for-profit teaching hospital lactated in central Illinois. The study followed the Continuous Quality Improvement (CQI) Model. A baseline data of the number of non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia cases were identified. A thorough literature review regarding oral care practices and products was conducted. It helped in forming a standardized oral care protocol for educating the nursing staff. The protocol included interactive video lessons and a systematic guide based on individual patient needs and required oral care procedures (Pritts, K., et al., 2020). This standard oral care protocol was first evaluated and limiting barriers were identified that included lack of suitable oral care supplies and products, lack of knowledge of the importance of oral care based on individual needs among the nursing staff, inability to document the oral care in the electronic medical record (EMR). To overcome these barriers, the Information technology team designed a report to track non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia (NV-HAP). They also expanded the electronic medical records worklist by adding a section for tracking the frequency of oral care. The oral care protocol was employed at the project units once approved by the leadership team and unit-based partnership council. Standards of oral care protocol has been studied in different phases and role of nurses and staff cooperation should follow specific protocol for each type of patient. The weekly audits were conducted to ensure that nursing staff′s documentation of oral care was being done. Communication with and among the nursing staff was made sure for better results. The positive reinforcement method was used to encourage and engage the nursing staff. The staff shared their concerns for patients that suffer from cognitive disabilities. They identified the need for informational material for patients since it would help them convince patients who refuse to get oral care. The EMR was studied and compared before and during the implementation of the oral care protocol. The oral care documentation and incidence of NV-HAP were evaluated. The data on individual patient oral care needs and length of stay (LOS) was also recorded for the study. Later, the fisher′s exact and logistics regression tests were performed to analyze the obtained data (Pritts, K., et al., 2020). Fisher′s exact test results were statistically significant (p0.0001), indicating that the oral care protocol was successfully implemented. Oral care documentation grew by 78 per cent in the medical-surgical unit and 44 per cent in the medical-neurology unit, respectively, from 21 per cent and 15 per cent. Even though the incidence of NV-HAP was reduced, the findings were not statistically significant (p＝0.07). The logistic regression test was used to compare the demographic characteristics and results. It was discovered that the average length of stay was 5.4 days. It was discovered to be higher among patients who did not obtain dental care twice a day than those who did. Patients who were entirely reliant on others for care were also shown to be less likely to receive dental care than those who were self-sufficient and capable of caring for themselves. It has also confirmed by another study which says that people who are need of care are at a higher risk of developing oral problems (Koistinen et al., 2019) Based on these test, following are the test results for study, • The small study sample population of 160 patients and the project′s two-month duration may be insufficient to fully investigate the relationship between improved oral care and a lower rate of NV-HAP incidence. • Because the results were based on documentation recorded by the nursing staff, accurate evaluation is limited in the case of missing or incomplete records in documents (Pritts, K., et al., 2020). It is possible to conclude that nursing staff can reduce the number of NV-HAP cases in medical-surgical units by providing better oral care twice a day. The project′s findings support the idea of providing improved oral care based on the needs of individual patients. Further research should be conducted to address the barriers identified by the nursing staff. A close working association between nursing staff and dental staff can significantly lower patients′ risks developing non-ventilator hospital-acquired pneumonia. The study is significant to nursing because it demonstrates the positive impact on patients′ overall health. It demonstrates how the nursing staff made a significant difference by being informed and provided with the necessary tools and a structured oral care protocol. The nursing staff shared how systematic oral care protocol developed as a result of this study has increased their knowledge regarding the oral care supplies and products. It helped them to provide patients with better oral care based on their individual needs. References Pritts, K., Kerber, C., Calderon, S., & Bigler, P. (2020). Implementation of a Standardized Oral Care Protocol to Decrease Non-Ventilator Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia. Medsurg Nursing, 29(6), 387-390. Koistinen, S., Olai, L., StAahlnacke, K., Fält, A., & Ehrenberg, A. (2019). Oral health and oral care in short‐term care: prevalence, related factors and coherence between older peoples’ and professionals’ assessments
