Respond separately to the two different colleagues’ discussion postings below in one or more of the following ways: Comment or elaborate on the relationships between the mental and physical illnesses your colleague explained. Provide a constructive critique of the course of physical illness influenced by the mental illness. Dear writer, Answer directly the the discussion of the 2 colleagues separately, please do not repeat over and over again what the colleagues have said in her discussion posting in your response. 1 source of reference for each discussion, use Order #410798 required resources. Any questions or concerns, please let me know. Rose’s Discussion 1 – Wk 2 The relationship between mental illness and the physical illness A person that is ill may experience issues with both mental and physical problems. This is because these two issues work conjointly together, and when one is not functioning properly it will eventually affect the other one. Health problems will normally impact almost every human born on this planet. From the womb to the centenarian age, health problems will be a normal distraction in their lives. Depending on the type of problem and length of time the client has had this issue will also determine how i t may affect their daily functioning. A client that is suffering from diabetes may exhibit the issue of depression. A person that experienced issues with childhood physical and mental abuse or neglect may have problems functioning as a normal adult, (Crouch et al., 2018). Physical illness influenced by mental health problems A specific problem that may influence a client’s behaviors is that of adverse childhood experiences (ACH), as noted by Crouch et al., (2018), clients that have undergone the issues of being raised in a dysfunctional family structure. Emotional/physical and/or sexual abuse adversely affected them as they were growing up. Problems related to behavioral issues in school, substance abuse, suicide ideation/attempts, and/or other negative physiological issues were their reactions to situations to things did not like. How this impacts the patient’s course of life These clients may often have relationship problems similar to the trauma they experienced when they were younger and may pass it on to their children. It is a never-ending vicious cycle that may span generations in the client’s family tree, and it is often hard to break. Clients that want to change may try to come to the individual, group, or family counseling, but how well it will help them is to be seen. Clients are hesitant or scared to change or they blatantly refuse to, until they lose almost everyone they love and find themselves with financial/legal issues it may be almost impossible for them to stop this behavior, (Crouch et al., 2018). Reference Crouch, E., Strompolis, M., Radcliff, E., Srivastav, A. (2018). Examining exposure to adverse childhood experiences and later outcomes of poor physical and mental health among South Carolina adults. Children and Youth Services Review, 84, 193-197. RE: Discussion 1 – Week 2 COLLAPSE Relationship Between Mental Illness and Physical Illness The relationship between mental illness and the physical illness co-exists due to effects of mental illness, social factors, and the chemical imbalances it can cause on the body (CMHA, n.d.). There are side effects of psychopharmacology agents that can cause effects on the body such as weight gain and physical changes with body organs (CMHA, n.d.). Also, how a person feels can affect their mind and vice versa. For example, a person’s response to stress (trauma, illness, social determinants, and other stressors), can lead to high blood pressure, muscle tension, pain, headache, and stomach problems (Healthwise Staff, 2020). Therefore, the way an individual perceives their mental health illness can increase their or develop poor physical health. Mental health illness can affect an individual’s cognition, mood/emotions, and behavior (Mayo Clinic, 2019). Physical Illness influenced by Mental Illness Stress can cause many effects on the body including the gastrointestinal system (GI). When a person encounters any type of stress it can interfere with their appetite and the function of the GI tract. Stress alters the parts of the brain receptors (ventral tegmental area (VTA) and the amygdala via N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)) by overstimulation (Douma & De Kloet, 2019). Also, stress can alter the physiology of the GI by causing the peristalsis to slow down, increase inflammation, absorption process, intestinal permeability, and mucus and acid secretion (Yaribeygi et al., 2017). In addition, chronic stress (even childhood stress) can develop into inflammatory GI diseases such as Chron’s disease, Irritable bowel syndrome, and other severe inflammatory disease processes. Impact on Patient’s Course of Life Stress can cause harm to a person’s body. If they have a chronic physical illness/acute illness, the stress developed can lead to a decrease in the healing process, an increase in other mental health illness such as depression and interfere with the individual’s social life. Therefore, the entire individual’s well-being (physical, emotional, and spiritual) must be incorporated in the treatment plan. To help patients cope and reduce stress, a mindfulness-based stress reduction program (MBSR) is recommended to beneficial (Wong, 2020). The program teaches meditation techniques to help them alleviate signs/symptoms associated with physical, psychosomatic and mental health disorders (Niazi & Niazi, 2011). MBSR focuses on the unconscious thoughts, feelings, and behaviors perceived to increase stress and undermine health (Wong, 2020). Resources Canadian Mental Health Association. (n.d.). The relationship between mental health, mental illness and chronic physical conditions. https://ontario.cmha.ca/documents/the-relationship-between-mental-health-mental-illness-and-chronic-physical-conditions/ Douma, E. & De Kloet, E. (2019). Stress-induced plasticity and functioning of ventral tegmental dopamine neurons. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 108, 48-77. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0149763419305974 Healthwise Staff. (2020). Mind-body wellness. University of Michigan Health. https://www.uofmhealth.org/health-library/mente Mayo Clinic. (2019). Mental illness. https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/mental- illness/symptoms-causes/syc-20374968 Niazi, A. K., & Niazi, S. K. (2011). Mindfulness-based stress reduction: a non-pharmacological approach for chronic illnesses. North American journal of medical sciences, 3(1), 20–23. https://doi.org/10.4297/najms.2011.320 Wong, C. (2020). Health Benefits of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction. Very Well Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/benefits-of-mindfulness-based-stress-reduction-88861 Yaribeygi, H., Panahi, Y., Sahraei, H., Johnston, T. P., & Sahebkar, A. (2017). The impact of stress on body function: A review. EXCLI journal, 16, 1057–1072. https://doi.org/10.17179/excli2017-480
