2500 Words (not including references)Main Objective of the assessment This module is designed to help you explore the main theories of management, management functions and the key issues affecting contemporary managers. Whatever module or programme of study you are undertaking at Brunel University, there are learning outcomes you must achieve in order to be awarded the necessary credits which comprise the module and programme of study. In order to get A, B, C, D, E, F grade in this module, you must meet the criteria outlined below in the learning outcomes; that is, you must provide evidence of an ability to develop and demonstrate knowledge and understanding, qualities, skills and other attributes in the following areas: 1. Demonstrate the understanding and ability to critique the various theories of leadership and management, and appreciate the contemporary issues facing leaders and managers. 2. Demonstrate the understanding of the key functions of leadership and management and their application. 3. Critically evaluate characteristics of effective management and how this differentiates from leadership. Discuss and assess relative strengths and limitations of key approaches to developing leaders and managers in organisations. 4. Demonstrate cognitive skills of critical thinking, analysis and synthesis, including the capability to identify and critically evaluate theoretical and practical assumptions, evaluate empirical evidence, define terms and subjects of enquiry adequately, generalise appropriately and analyse data Description of the Assessment Guidance Notes ALL students MUST answer Questions 1 and 2, which should each be 500 words in length (not including references). References should appear at the immediately after each question and not as a single list at the end. Of the remaining 3 questions, students must choose ONE, and the length of this answer should be 1500 words (not including references). COMPULSORY QUESTIONS 500 WORDS EACH 1. Critically examine the main attributes of a leader, and discuss whether there is any overlap with that of the manager. 2. Metaphors provide ways of viewing organisations. Critically examine organisations using two out of the following three metaphors machines, organisms and political systems and explain with organisational examples the strengths and weaknesses of organisations that each metaphor highlights. Creating effective teams is becoming increasingly challenging because of technology and virtual working due to Covid 19. Identify the challenges and provide creative solutions that you might implement as a leader. 4. Critically examine how an organisation determines its optimum structure. Illustrate your key arguments with organisational examples that can be drawn from around the globe. 5. Employees often can be demotivated and dissatisfied with their job. Critically discuss the causes of poor employee motivation and job satisfaction with reference to two motivational theories, and identify actions managers can take to increase levels of motivation and job satisfaction. L