Topics: •What is a SNP? •What can SNPs do to wild-type sequences of DNA if they have mutations in base pairing? • •What is the PTC Receptor and Where is this receptor located? •How will we use Bioinformatics to determine each SNP? •What would you use to analyze the sequence? •Evolution of the PTC receptor and its importance •How do DNA sequences change protein structure and what are some affects to the protein structures that can influence the PTC receptor? •Explain the purpose of these experiments (No more than 1-2 sentences) and the hypothesis (What are the genotypes and phenotypes of your sample) •The purpose of the topic questions about is to establish all the background for your analysis. Then you’ll have a framework with which to discuss the results and your hypothesis in the discussion. •Remember: Create a narrative flow, don’t just answer the above questions 3.Methods/Procedure (1 page) •Write the procedure you used to carry out the experiments. This section should be concise and very technical. ONLY include methods that you have performed. •Sequencing Analysis: All the Bioinformatic tools that you used •Simply state what program you used and the steps you took to find your SNPs •Similarly, how did you determine your genotype? •How did you determine the structure? •How did you analyze the protein sequence? 4.Results (Data) (2 pages) •Explain the experiments and provide their results, along with tables / graphs with your analyzed data, but do not give detailed explanations (save analysis for the discussion section.) •Figures required: •Picture of the sequence (Template) •Blast result of your sequence with both forward and reverse strand, indicating your SNPs: SNP #1 @ Base Number145, SNP #2 @ Base Number 785, and SNP #3 @ Base Number 886 (Indicate whether it matches the Taster or Non-Taster Sequence) •Your chromatograms showing the three SNPs •Image (screenshot is fine) of the structure of Tas2r38 swiss- model •Your genotype analysis table and its comparison to the taster and non-taster •In the written component: •State what amino acid your SNP becomes at each position of the SNPs •Are you homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, or heterozygous? State the result obtaining from your chromatogram whether its only one base or two bases being shown at the same time. •Differences or similarities between your protein and the protein expressed by the taster and non-taster 5.Discussion (2 page) •Citations included •Explain what the results mean and touch on these topics •Discuss what effects point mutations in SNPs have in transсrіption and then translation. (I.e. Explain what a SNP can change to cause it to change at the end result in a cell). •Discuss how Bioinformatics work (briefly) and how you used it to determine what your SNP could (or should) be. •Explain the differences or similarities between the taster or non-taster (Amino acids, protein structure, and how this affects the receptor at the molecular level) •Explain how each of your SNPs may or may not have affected the amino acid sequence (specifically explain the change in the codon and what it could mean for the amino acid it represents either changing it from one type of Amino acid to another type) •What are some effects that these amino acid substitutions can have on the PTC receptor since it is located on the surface of the tongue? Does it change the receptor binding domain, the transmembrane domain, or the intracellular domain? •How is your protein different or similar to the taster or non-taster at the molecular level? •Clarify if your hypothesis is rejected or accepted and why by using data from the lab.
