What were some of the long-term effects of the Reagan Revolution and the rise of conservatives? Are there social issues that divided Americans most significantly during the culture wars of the 1980s and 1990s? Do we still see the remnants of these culture wars, today? What factors led to the Great Recession? In what ways are Barack Obamas ideas regarding the economy, education, and the environment similar to those of Bush, his Republican predecessor? In what ways are they different? Has the United States become a more heterogeneous and inclusive place in the twenty-first century? If so, in what ways has it become more homogenous and exclusive? How have conservatives fared in their efforts to defend American culture against an influx of immigrants in the twenty-first century? CITATION QUICK GUIDE Notes and Bibliography: Sample Citations The following examples illustrate the notes and bibliography style. Sample notes show full citations followed by shortened forms that would be used after the first citation. Sample bibliography entries follow the notes. For more details and many more examples, see chapters 16 and 17 of Turabian. (For examples of the same citations using the author-date system, go to Author-Date: Sample Citations (Links to an external site.).) BOOK NOTES Katie Kitamura, A Separation (New York: Riverhead Books, 2017), 25. Sharon Sassler and Amanda Jayne Miller, Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships (Oakland: University of California Press, 2017), 114. SHORTENED NOTES Kitamura, Separation, 9192. Sassler and Miller, Cohabitation Nation, 205. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Kitamura, Katie. A Separation. New York: Riverhead Books, 2017. Sassler, Sharon, and Amanda Jayne Miller. Cohabitation Nation: Gender, Class, and the Remaking of Relationships. Oakland: University of California Press, 2017. CHAPTER OR OTHER PART OF AN EDITED BOOK In a note, cite specific pages. In the bibliography, include the page range for the chapter or part. NOTE 1. Mary Rowlandson, The Narrative of My Captivity, in The Making of the American Essay, ed. John DAgata (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016), 1920. SHORTENED NOTE 2. Rowlandson, Captivity, 48. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY Rowlandson, Mary. The Narrative of My Captivity. In The Making of the American Essay, edited by John DAgata, 1956. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016. To cite an edited book as a whole, list the editor(s) first. NOTE 1. John DAgata, ed., The Making of the American Essay (Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016), 1920. SHORTENED NOTE 2. DAgata, American Essay, 48. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY DAgata, John, ed. The Making of the American Essay. Minneapolis: Graywolf Press, 2016. TRANSLATED BOOK NOTE 1. Jhumpa Lahiri, In Other Words, trans. Ann Goldstein (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016), 146. SHORTENED NOTE 2. Lahiri, In Other Words, 184. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY Lahiri, Jhumpa. In Other Words. Translated by Ann Goldstein. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 2016. E-BOOK For books consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database. For other types of e-books, name the format. If no fixed page numbers are available, cite a section title or a chapter or other number in the notes or, if possible, track down a version with fixed page numbers. NOTES 1. Fyodor Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment, trans. Constance Garnett, ed. William Allan Neilson (New York: P. F. Collier & Son, 1917), 444, 2. Eric Schlosser, Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001), 88, ProQuest Ebrary. 3. Jane Austen, Pride and Prejudice (New York: Penguin Classics, 2007), chap. 3, Kindle. SHORTENED NOTES 4. Dostoevsky, Crime and Punishment, 5045. 5. Schlosser, Fast Food Nation, 100. 6. Austen, Pride and Prejudice, chap. 14. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Austen, Jane. Pride and Prejudice. New York: Penguin Classics, 2007. Kindle. Dostoevsky, Fyodor. Crime and Punishment. Translated by Constance Garnett, edited by William Allan Neilson. New York: P. F. Collier & Son, 1917. Schlosser, Eric. Fast Food Nation: The Dark Side of the American Meal. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 2001. ProQuest Ebrary. THESIS OR DISSERTATION NOTE 1. Guadalupe Navarro-Garcia, Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents (PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2016), 44, ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. SHORTENED NOTE 2. Navarro-Garcia, Social Justice Values, 12526. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY Navarro-Garcia, Guadalupe. Integrating Social Justice Values in Educational Leadership: A Study of African American and Black University Presidents. PhD diss., University of California, Los Angeles, 2016. ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. JOURNAL ARTICLE In a note, cite specific page numbers. In the bibliography, include the page range for the whole article. For articles consulted online, include a URL or the name of the database. Many journal articles list a DOI (Digital Object Identifier). A DOI forms a permanent URL that begins This URL is preferable to the URL that appears in your browsers address bar. NOTES 1. Ashley Hope Prez, Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderots Le neveu de Rameau, Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May 2017): 874, 2. Shao-Hsun Keng, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem, Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 19782014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality, Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 910, 3. Peter LaSalle, Conundrum: A Story about Reading, New England Review 38, no. 1 (2017): 95, Project MUSE. SHORTENED NOTES 4. Prez, Material Morality, 88081. 5. Keng, Lin, and Orazem, Expanding College Access, 23. 6. LaSalle, Conundrum, 101. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Keng, Shao-Hsun, Chun-Hung Lin, and Peter F. Orazem. Expanding College Access in Taiwan, 19782014: Effects on Graduate Quality and Income Inequality. Journal of Human Capital 11, no. 1 (Spring 2017): 134. https://d LaSalle, Peter. Conundrum: A Story about Reading. New England Review 38, no. 1 (2017): 95109. Project MUSE. Prez, Ashley Hope. Material Morality and the Logic of Degrees in Diderots Le neveu de Rameau. Modern Philology 114, no. 4 (May 2017): 87298. Journal articles often list many authors, especially in the sciences. If there are four or more authors, list up to ten in the bibliography; in a note, list only the first, followed by et al. (and others). For more than ten authors (not shown here), list the first seven in the bibliography, followed by et al. NOTE 7. Jesse N. Weber et al., Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite, American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January 2017): 45, SHORTENED NOTE 8. Weber et al., Resist Globally, 4849. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY Weber, Jesse N., Martin Kalbe, Kum Chuan Shim, Nomie I. Erin, Natalie C. Steinel, Lei Ma, and Daniel I. Bolnick. Resist Globally, Infect Locally: A Transcontinental Test of Adaptation by Stickleback and Their Tapeworm Parasite. American Naturalist 189, no. 1 (January 2017): 4357. NEWS OR MAGAZINE ARTICLE Articles from newspapers or news sites, magazines, blogs, and the like are cited similarly. Page numbers, if any, can be cited in a note but are omitted from a bibliography entry. If you consulted the article online, include a URL or the name of the database. NOTES 1. Farhad Manjoo, Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera, New York Times, March 8, 2017, 2. Erin Anderssen, Through the Eyes of Generation Z, Globe and Mail (Toronto), June 25, 2016, 3. Rob Pegoraro, Apples iPhone Is Sleek, Smart and Simple, Washington Post, July 5, 2007, LexisNexis Academic. 4. Vinson Cunningham, You Dont Understand: John McWhorter Makes His Case for Black English, New Yorker, May 15, 2017, 85. 5. Dara Lind, Moving to Canada, Explained, Vox, September 15, 2016, SHORTENED NOTES 6. Manjoo, Snap. 7. Anderssen, Generation Z. 8. Pegoraro, Apples iPhone. 9. Cunningham, Black English, 86. 10. Lind, Moving to Canada. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Anderssen, Erin. Through the Eyes of Generation Z. Globe and Mail (Toronto), June 25, 2016. Cunningham, Vinson. You Dont Understand: John McWhorter Makes His Case for Black English. New Yorker, May 15, 2017. Lind, Dara. Moving to Canada, Explained. Vox, September 15, 2016. Manjoo, Farhad. Snap Makes a Bet on the Cultural Supremacy of the Camera. New York Times, March 8, 2017. Pegoraro, Rob. Apples iPhone Is Sleek, Smart and Simple. Washington Post, July 5, 2007. LexisNexis Academic. Readers comments are cited in the text or in a note but omitted from a bibliography. NOTE 11. Eduardo B (Los Angeles), March 9, 2017, comment on Manjoo, Snap. BOOK REVIEW NOTE 1. Fernanda Eberstadt, Gone Guy: A Writer Leaves His Wife, Then Disappears in Greece, review of A Separation, by Katie Kitamura, New York Times, February 15, 2017, SHORTENED NOTE 2. Eberstadt, Gone Guy. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRY Eberstadt, Fernanda. Gone Guy: A Writer Leaves His Wife, Then Disappears in Greece. Review of A Separation, by Katie Kitamura. New York Times, February 15, 2017. WEBSITE CONTENT Web pages and other website content can be cited as shown here. For a source that does not list a date of publication, posting, or revision, include an access date (as in the Columbia example). NOTES 1. Privacy Policy, Privacy & Terms, Google, last modified April 17, 2017, 2. History, Columbia University, accessed May 15, 2017, SHORTENED NOTES 3. Google, Privacy Policy. 4. Columbia University, History. BIBLIOGRAPHY ENTRIES (IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER) Columbia University. History. Accessed May 15, 2017. Google. Privacy Policy. Privacy & Terms. Last modified April 17, 2017. AUDIOVISUAL CONTENT NOTES 1. Kory Stamper, From F-Bomb to Photobomb, How the Dictionary Keeps Up with English, interview by Terry Gross, Fresh Air, NPR, April 19, 2017, audio, 35:25, 2. Beyonc, Sorry, directed by Kahlil Joseph and Beyonc Knowles, June 22, 2016, music video, 4:25, SHORTENED NOTES 3. Stamper, interview.
