Question #1: What is the relationship between Endomembrane System, Insulin and Insulin Receptor, activation by phosphorylation, membrane-bound polyribosomes, and Glucose Transport Channels? Describe what you learned about the gut and nutrient absorption in the microscopy lab.
1) Important portions of the Labster Labs for your Concept Integration Project
a. Microscopy Lab: Look at the structure of the chicken intestine and the Theory related to the intestine near the beginning of the Lab. You can note your progress through the Lab because the “Lab Pad” will show you what percent of the lab you have completed in the upper right corner of the “Lab Pad”. When you are about 24% of the way through the Microscopy Lab you will have a view of the chicken intestine and there will be a “Theory” segment associated with it. i. An important thing to note here is “Where is the Circulatory System (i.e., capillaries) with regard to the Villi of the intestine? When you are approximately 69 – 70% of the way through the Lab you will learn about the “Microvilli” (note that Microvilli are not Villi – they are related, but different).
ii. An important thing to note here is “How do microvilli increase the surface area of the intestine, and is this important for absorption of nutrients? Remember that the food (including sugar) taken in at the mouth is what ends up in the lumen of the intestine, but to get nutrients into the blood they must pass across the plasma membrane which is on the Microvilli. b. Blood Glucose/Sugar Lab AND Cellular Respiration Lab: i. What is the relationship between a carbohydrate and a sugar?
ii. What is the relationship between a sugar and a polysaccharide?
iii. What is the relationship between chewing and a polysaccharide?
iv. Glucose makes ATP; is that important for life?
v. What is glycogen?
vi. Did you see the relationship between the liver and blood glucose levels?
vii. In case study 1 you provided an answer about the glycemic index. Based on this Labster Lab, how did your understanding of the glycemic index change?
viii. Finally, why don’t we just remove anything that has glucose in it from our diet?
2) Important portions of the Video Lectures for your Concept Integration Project.
a. Module 2c, Part 4: How does the Endomembrane System which gave rise to a new type of protein synthesis relate to the ligand Insulin, and the receptor who name is Insulin Receptor?
b. Module 3: What is it in the plasma membrane that lets glucose into the cell, and how does this happen?
c. Module 5 and 5b: Why is it relevant that insulin is made from membrane bound polyribosomes?
3) Important portions of the Case Studies for your Concept Integration Project. a. Case Study 1: i. Case Study 1 Paragraph 6: Think about the question: How does the sugar in Morgan’s blood get eliminated in the urine? ii. As part of the answer in Case Study 1, you are directed to comment on the “Glycemic Index”. Consider what you learned about the Glycemic Index in Case Study 1 and again when you get to the last Labster Lab, the one entitled Blood Glucose/Carbohydrates. What did the result of the analysis of the carrots add to your knowledge about the Glycemic Index? b. Case Study 2: i. Recall that on Exam 1, Module 5 we considered Signal Transduction. Blood glucose levels (which can lead to diabetes) are regulated by signal transduction. Different parts of the body do different things in the regulation of blood glucose level – Consider the following questions when formulating your answer: a) Which part(s) of the body measures blood glucose levels? b) Which part(s) of the body can store glucose in the form of glycogen -link this with the Video Lectures (Modules 12 and 14). c) Recall that there are two major cytoplasmic signaling pathways, one involves calcium and the other involves phosphorylation (i.e., a kinase adds the gamma phosphate from ATP to another protein). a) Which phosphorylation events did you learn about in the Insulin Pathway in Case Study 2?
