Quiz login: hidden, available for the assigned writer onlyQuiz password: hidden, available for the assigned writer onlyPLEASE SEE THE 20 MULITPULE CHOICE QUESTIONS LISTED BELOW Question 1 Increasingly, counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to be both consumers and producers of research. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why this is important? Select one: -Research can provide an ongoing source of guidance and professional development to counsellors and psychotherapists, even when they have completed their official training programs. – There is a moral obligation for counsellors and psychotherapists to have ways of assessing the effectiveness of their interventions (other than their own perspective), as they are typically poor judges of the efficacy of their work. -Other professions, such as psychology, rely exclusively on randomised controlled trials to inform their evidence-based practice, and this is the only way to understand the benefits of different therapeutic modalities, particularly in real-life counselling settings. -Funding bodies require evidence of therapeutic modalities efficacy to justify expenditure, and having that evidence is helpful for increasing the profile and accessibility of the counselling profession. QUESTION 2 Marcia is excited about a new treatment modality she has developed and has told you that it is the most effective modality she has ever used. She reports a significant improvement in symptoms for 95% of her clients. Marcia is planning to hold a workshop to teach other counsellors how to implement her modality and she wants to use her success rate as part of her promotional campaign. However, she remembers hearing something about the importance of having multiple types of evidence in support of modalities, so she is wondering if she needs to do more to evaluate her modality. Which of the following advice would you give to Marcia? Select one: – Although Marcia appears to have some preliminary anecdotal practice-based evidence, this is not a robust form of evidence, and she needs to be cautious in promoting the efficacy of her modality. -As Marcia is a qualified counsellor, she is well placed to evaluate the efficacy of her modality, so she should go ahead and teach other counsellors her approach so they can help their clients as effectively as Marcia. – Randomised controlled trials are expensive and time-consuming and not worth the trouble, so Marcia need not bother trying to evaluate her modality with a randomised controlled trial. -Marcia has great evidence in support of her modality, and she should definitely use those statistics to advertise her workshop, because a 95% success rate is very impressive. Question 3 Question text Benoy is interested in investigating the relationship between exercise and anxiety symptoms. He is planning to recruit individuals who have been diagnosed with anxiety and randomly assign them to two groups. All participants will complete an anxiety symptom checklist at the beginning of the study. Group A will be prescribed a 4-week exercise program and Group B will be given some information brochures about the benefits of exercise for anxiety. At the conclusion of the 4 weeks, both groups will complete the anxiety symptom checklist again. Which of the following is the most accurate description of this study? Select one: A qualitative idiographic study. A quantitative idiographic study. A quantitative nomothetic study. A qualitative nomothetic study. Question 4 Question text Research has found that many trainee counsellors feel ambivalent about their interest in, and capacity to engage with, research. However, research has also found that attitudes to research can become more positive with effective research training. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective research training program? Select one: Giving trainees exposure to research early in their training so they can demystify the process. Acknowledging the strengths and limitations of different methodologies so trainees can evaluate research effectively. Integrating research and practice so trainees can see the relevance of research for practice. Focusing exclusively on one research approach so trainees can understand that methodology in great detail and not get confused by all the options. Question 5 Question text Which of these statements about the influence of the media on research is FALSE? Select one: – The way the media reports research is very influential in shaping public views of research. – Sensational headlines can contribute to the dissemination of flawed understandings of research findings. -An emphasis on positivist and quantitative research in social discourse has resulted in other types of research and evidence being neglected or devalued. -The media will always take great care to report findings accurately and in their entirety. QUESTION 6 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research question? Select one: -The knowledge that is derived from the research question has the potential to be applied in some way to make a positive difference. – Investigating the research question is feasible and aligns with the practical and ethical constraints in which the researcher is operating. – It responds to a need by identifying something that we would benefit from knowing about, but which has not been -sufficiently explored yet. – The research question has high personal interest to the researcher, and they are already well-versed in the topic because of their lived experiences. Question 7 Question text If you find yourself overwhelmed by the sheer volume of the literature you will need to include in your literature review to justify your research question, it is likely that: Select one: -your research question is too narrow and needs to be expanded. – you have an opportunity to make a highly unique and significant contribution to the literature. -your research question is too broad and needs to be refined. -you are on the right track because lots of literature means it is an important topic. Question 8 Question text Ari wants to design a research study that helps them to investigate this research question: How does time spent on social media influence anxiety symptoms in adolescent girls aged 14 17 years? Which of the following research methodologies would you recommend to Ari? Select one: Participatory action research. Comparison study. Phenomenological study. Randomised controlled trial Question 9 Question text Which of the following statements is MOST TRUE in relation to research project samples? Select one: -Quantitative studies utilise the concept of data saturation to determine how many participants are required. – Qualitative studies require large numbers in order to conduct statistical analyses of the data. -Quantitative studies often utilise purposeful sampling to ensure the participants have experienced the key concept under investigation. – Qualitative studies often utilise the concept of data saturation to determine how many participants are required. Question 10 Question text Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which pilot testing can be beneficial when designing a research study? Select one: It gives you an opportunity to get a head-start on data collection because you dont need to wait for ethics approval to start your pilot study. It gives you an opportunity to test your recruitment strategy to ensure you will be able to access enough participants for your study. It gives you an opportunity to practise your data collection process, so you have a good idea of the timing and logistics involved. It gives you an opportunity to refine your method if it becomes evident that there may be a better way to address your research question. Increasingly, counsellors and psychotherapists are expected to be both consumers and producers of research. Which of the following is NOT one of the reasons why this is important? Select one: Research can provide an ongoing source of guidance and professional development to counsellors and psychotherapists, even when they have completed their official training programs. There is a moral obligation for counsellors and psychotherapists to have ways of assessing the effectiveness of their interventions (other than their own perspective), as they are typically poor judges of the efficacy of their work. Other professions, such as psychology, rely exclusively on randomised controlled trials to inform their evidence-based practice, and this is the only way to understand the benefits of different therapeutic modalities, particularly in real-life counselling settings. Funding bodies require evidence of therapeutic modalities efficacy to justify expenditure, and having that evidence is helpful for increasing the profile and accessibility of the counselling profession. Marcia is excited about a new treatment modality she has developed and has told you that it is the most effective modality she has ever used. She reports a significant improvement in symptoms for 95% of her clients. Marcia is planning to hold a workshop to teach other counsellors how to implement her modality and she wants to use her success rate as part of her promotional campaign. However, she remembers hearing something about the importance of having multiple types of evidence in support of modalities, so she is wondering if she needs to do more to evaluate her modality. Which of the following advice would you give to Marcia? Select one: Although Marcia appears to have some preliminary anecdotal practice-based evidence, this is not a robust form of evidence, and she needs to be cautious in promoting the efficacy of her modality. As Marcia is a qualified counsellor, she is well placed to evaluate the efficacy of her modality, so she should go ahead and teach other counsellors her approach so they can help their clients as effectively as Marcia. Randomised controlled trials are expensive and time-consuming and not worth the trouble, so Marcia need not bother trying to evaluate her modality with a randomised controlled trial. Marcia has great evidence in support of her modality, and she should definitely use those statistics to advertise her workshop, because a 95% success rate is very impressive. Question 3 Question text Benoy is interested in investigating the relationship between exercise and anxiety symptoms. He is planning to recruit individuals who have been diagnosed with anxiety and randomly assign them to two groups. All participants will complete an anxiety symptom checklist at the beginning of the study. Group A will be prescribed a 4-week exercise program and Group B will be given some information brochures about the benefits of exercise for anxiety. At the conclusion of the 4 weeks, both groups will complete the anxiety symptom checklist again. Which of the following is the most accurate description of this study? Select one: A qualitative idiographic study. A quantitative idiographic study. A quantitative nomothetic study. A qualitative nomothetic study. Question 4 Question text Research has found that many trainee counsellors feel ambivalent about their interest in, and capacity to engage with, research. However, research has also found that attitudes to research can become more positive with effective research training. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an effective research training program? Select one: Giving trainees exposure to research early in their training so they can demystify the process. Acknowledging the strengths and limitations of different methodologies so trainees can evaluate research effectively. Integrating research and practice so trainees can see the relevance of research for practice. Focusing exclusively on one research approach so trainees can understand that methodology in great detail and not get confused by all the options. Question 5 Question text Which of these statements about the influence of the media on research is FALSE? Select one: The way the media reports research is very influential in shaping public views of research. Sensational headlines can contribute to the dissemination of flawed understandings of research findings. An emphasis on positivist and quantitative research in social discourse has resulted in other types of research and evidence being neglected or devalued. The media will always take great care to report findings accurately and in their entirety. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good research question? Select one: The knowledge that is derived from the research question has the potential to be applied in some way to make a positive difference. Investigating the research question is feasible and aligns with the practical and ethical constraints in which the researcher is operating. It responds to a need by identifying something that we would benefit from knowing about, but which has not been sufficiently explored yet. The research question has high personal interest to the researcher, and they are already well-versed in the topic because of their lived experiences. Question 7 Question text If you find yourself overwhelmed by the sheer volume of the literature you will need to include in your literature review to justify your research question, it is likely that: Select one: your research question is too narrow and needs to be expanded. you have an opportunity to make a highly unique and significant contribution to the literature. your research question is too broad and needs to be refined. you are on the right track because lots of literature means it is an important topic. Question 8 Question text Ari wants to design a research study that helps them to investigate this research question: How does time spent on social media influence anxiety symptoms in adolescent girls aged 14 17 years? Which of the following research methodologies would you recommend to Ari? Select one: Participatory action research. Comparison study. Phenomenological study. Randomised controlled trial Question 9 Question text Which of the following statements is MOST TRUE in relation to research project samples? Select one: Quantitative studies utilise the concept of data saturation to determine how many participants are required. Qualitative studies require large numbers in order to conduct statistical analyses of the data. Quantitative studies often utilise purposeful sampling to ensure the participants have experienced the key concept under investigation. Qualitative studies often utilise the concept of data saturation to determine how many participants are required. Question 10 Question text Which of the following is NOT one of the ways in which pilot testing can be beneficial when designing a research study? Select one: It gives you an opportunity to get a head-start on data collection because you dont need to wait for ethics approval to start your pilot study. It gives you an opportunity to test your recruitment strategy to ensure you will be able to access enough participants for your study. It gives you an opportunity to practise your data collection process, so you have a good idea of the timing and logistics involved. It gives you an opportunity to refine your method if it becomes evident that there may be a better way to address your research question. QUESTION 11 A researcher who emphasises the centrality of the interaction between the investigator and the object of investigation as a way of gaining understanding is likely to subscribe to the paradigm. Select one: Positivist Critical-ideological Post-positivist Constructivist Question 12 Question text Whilst a positivist is likely to design a(n) with the intention of identifying principles that can be generalised, a constructivist is likely to design a study involving a few participants who provide extensive data about their lived experiences with no intention of identifying a . Select one: ontological study; emic; critical theory tightly controlled study; etic; single truth ethnographic study; emic; generalisable reality socio-cultural study; etic; common theme Question 13 Question text With respect to the role of researcher values in the research process (axiology), a constructivist-interpretivist would argue that: Select one: values are irrelevant to the research process. it is important for the researcher to contain their value biases during an investigation. it is a fallacy to suggest the researchers values can be separated from the research process. it is optimal for the researchers values to influence the research process and outcome. Question 14 Question text In addition to NOT making a meaningful contribution to knowledge, a research study that is not well designed to answer the question under investigation represents a potential breach of which of these fundamental ethical principles? Select one: Being trustworthy Respect Rigour Integrity 15 Question text When preparing consent forms and information sheets for participants, it is good practice to do each of the following EXCEPT: Select one: Avoid technical terms and jargon whenever possible. Test drafts on people with similar backgrounds to the intended participants. Emphasise the importance of completing the data collection protocol. Use simple language and short sentences. When considering correlations: Select one: a strong negative correlation indicates a relationship between the variables such that an increase in one of the variables is associated with an increase in the other variable. a strong negative correlation indicates that there is no relationship between the variables. a strong positive correlation indicates a relationship between the variables such that an increase in one of the variables is associated with an increase in the other variable. a strong positive correlation indicates that one of the variables is causing positive change in the other variable. Question 17 Question text When using an outcome measure, some important characteristics to check for include all the following EXCEPT: Select one: Common usage with intended population Test-retest reliability Internal consistency Specialised training required for interpretation Question 18 Question text Which of the following statements is CORRECT? Select one: There is no relationship between methodology and method; researchers can choose their favourite approaches for both. Method refers to the overarching approach to research; methodology refers to the procedures used to gather and analyse the data. Methodology refers to the overarching approach to research; method refers to the procedures used to gather and analyse the data. Once researchers have chosen their method, they can then choose their methodology. Question 19 Question text Qualitative researchers attempt to make sense of in terms of the people bring, whereas quantitative researchers test and search for relationships between . Select one: social meanings; hypotheses; variables; hypotheses variables; social meanings; phenomena; hypotheses hypotheses; variables; social meanings; phenomena phenomena; social meanings; hypotheses; variables Question 20 Question text Which of the following is NOT important to consider when evaluating the quality of qualitative research? Select one: Transparency and coherence Test-retest reliability Sensitivity to context Impact and importance
