You should respond to at least two of your peers by extending, or adding additional nuance to their posts.formatted and cited in current APA style 7th edition with support from at least 2 academic sources that within the last five years. -No website (to be reference without prior approval) -Quotes cannot be use at higher learning level for your assignment, so sentences need to be paraphrased and reference -Acceptable references include scholarly journal articles or primary legal sources (Statutes, Court opinions) Journal articles and books. Peer 1 (J.V.) Factors influencing an Individuals Potential for Growth An individuals potential for growth is affected by numerous factors, including genetic factors, prenatal and postnatal exposures, nutrition, environmental factors, lifestyle, and home care practices. First, genetic factors are the hereditary characteristics that are transmitted to children from their parents through biological cellular components called genes. Genetics are important in determining the growth and development of an individual in that they heavily influence not only the physical appearance such as weight, height, hair texture, and intelligence but also determine the rate at which an individual will develop (Brown et al., 2017). Prenatal and postnatal exposures influence a childs health. The Prenatal period is the period shortly before birth, while the postnatal period is the period after birth. Prenatal exposures such as inadequate nutrition from the mother during the gestation period can lead to low birth weight during birth leading to poor growth and development while postnatal exposures such as breastfeeding lead to accelerated growth. Postnatal exposures are the conditions that a child experiences after birth that affect their health. Third, nutritional factors refer to an individuals eating habits. Furthermore, nutrition is a key factor in growth especially among children where a lack of a balanced diet can lead to poor growth and development (Sletner et al., 2021). On the other hand, poor feeding habits can lead to obesity and diabetes among children. In addition, environmental conditions that surround an individual such as geographical surroundings, relationships, and social surroundings are key health determinants. For effective growth to take place the environmental factors must be supportive. Also, an individuals lifestyle refers to the way of life of an individual. Lifestyle factors such as physical exercises and sporting activities are critical in the effective growth of an individual through the strengthening of the bodys immune system (Brown et al., 2017). Lastly, healthcare practices are dynamic and complex practices performed on an individual to boost their health. Good healthcare practices such as preventing the spread of viruses and bacteria eliminate pathogens that lead to poor growth. Relationship Between Culture and Growth and Development Cultural background, especially among children such as language, food, and religion acquired through parental influence directly influences a childs growth and development physically, linguistically, socially, and emotionally (Haimovitz & Dweck, 2017). In the growth and development of children, there are four major milestones. This includes sitting up, rolling over, standing, and eventually walking. The period at which these milestones occur vary and ranges between 0 to 3 years of age. These milestones are inevitable for every normal child regardless of the cultural background and should be applied and supported by parents and guardians. Teaching Plan on Injury Prevention During Infancy During infancy, there are potential causes of injury, especially at home. These include poisoning, falls, burns, fire, and even drowning (Newberry, 2019). It is, therefore, necessary for parents to note the following injury prevention steps, especially at home. First, smoke detectors should be installed at home and regularly maintained. A fire alarm should be quick to alarm to protect infants and their family against house fires. To protect infants from fire and burns that lead to injury, lighters and matches should be out of the reach of infants in a secure place. Second, to prevent falls among infants that lead to injuries, parents need to avoid the use of infant walkers. These walkers are known to cause falls especially when it comes to stairs. In addition, accidents are common among infants at home especially, interactions such as crashes while riding bicycles (Newberry, 2019). Protective gears need to be used, such as helmets, to prevent head and body injuries. It is also important to keep monitoring an infants movements, especially those crawling, to prevent crashes and accidents. Electrical outlets should also be covered to prevent children from getting hurt. Household cleaning products and medications should be kept in locked cabinets away from children to prevent from unintentional ingestion. Injury prevention for infants is especially important to keep them safe. Peer 2 (.) Plan that Fits the Needs for Health Fair The aim of the health fair is to enhance the health literacy of child-bearing women. The aim is to educate women on preconception care. Rationale: most women underscore the importance of preconception planning. Therefore, it is important to educate them on risky health behaviors that may expose them to adverse health outcomes or those of the infants. The plan is for the education to focus on smoking cessation, reducing alcohol intake and ensuring the mother attend pre-natal clinic religious. It would also include the value of screening for congenital conditions. The fair will be implemented during a local community welfare activity such as carnivore or Halloween to enhance participation. Enhancing preconception health, pregnancy and maternal health can lead in to improve reproductive health, with the potential to reduce societal cost. . is engaging in community health fairs educating child-bearing women about healthy lifestyles that can improve pregnancy outcomes. According to Fuentes-Afflick et al., (2021), the USA has the worst women and childrens rates of morbidity and mortality than almost all other developed countries. It is estimated that more than 700 women in the US die during pregnancy and childbirth with more than 50,000 pregnant women experiencing life-threatening complications. Morbidity and maternal mortality are associated with racial, ethnic, socioeconomic and geographic disparities. Therefore, . fairs should consider social determinants of health in planning the fairs. To deliver the fair, . should deploy principles of community-based social marketing. Social marketing interventions are characterized by adhering to a framework of planning, developing, implementing, and evaluating interventions (Aya et al., 2020). Relationship Between Culture and Growth Culture influences psychological, emotional and cognitive development. From birth, cultures establish different expectations concerning parenting and childbearing, and developmental progression for children at different stages. Culture plays a fundamental role in influencing development, and determining what is considered normal development differs across cultures. Cultural values influence the way parents raise children. Parents inculcate cultural values and behaviors they believe will help their children operate and thrive in the specific culture. Further, effective parenting styles differ as a function of culture. Authoritative parenting is characterized by giving reasonable demands, establishing consistent limits, and listening to a child is common in American society. It is argued that children raised by authoritative parents have high self-esteem and social skills. In contrast, authoritarian parenting, which is characterized by high value on conformity and obedience, is regarded as beneficial in other cultures. Race and other identities have a significant impact in child development. In the United States, are socialized into stereotypes, which strongly influence their development. Therefore, all growth and development milestones should not be applied to all children regardless of cultural background. The normative approach to development explores the question what is normal development. Although biological milestones such puberty are universal across different cultures, societal milestones, including the age at which a child start schools or individuate from parents, is influenced by culture. For instance, some cultures expect an infant to achieve motor skills such as sitting, crawling, and walking at different levels. Teaching Plan on Injury Prevention during Infancy According to the American Family Physician (AAFP) injuries are the leading cause of death in infant, children and teenagers in the United States. The leading causes of unintentional injuries differ by age and include falls, drowning, suffocation, poisoning, fires and burns. Effective injury prevention strategies include the use of childproof caps on medications and household positions. Therefore, the teaching plan should focus on these threats to infant safety. For infants (6 -12 months) the parent or caregiver should be educated on the fall risks, burns, drowning, poisoning and chocking, strangulation and suffocation. As infants gain new abilities, their risk for fall increases. Therefore, parents should be educated on the value of using gates of stairways and doors, window guards, and removing sharp-edged or hard furniture. At this age, infants are prone to grab at everything. As a result, parents should be advised not to leave hot beverages and liquids within a childs vicinity. They should also be educated on burns first aid. The risk of drowning is also greatest at this age. Therefore, parents should childproof swimming pools, empty bathtubs and pails, and be educated on CPR.
